Abstract
The strong relationship between mesothelioma and asbestos exposure is well established. The analysis of lung asbestos burden by light and electron microscopy assisted to understand the increased incidence of mesothelioma in asbestos mining and consuming nations.
The data on the occupational exposure to asbestos are important information for the purpose of compensation of occupational disease No. 4105 (asbestos-associated mesothelioma) in Germany.
However, in many cases the patients have forgotten conditions of asbestos exposure or had no knowledge about the used materials with components of asbestos. Mineral fiber analysis can provide valuable information for the research of asbestos-associated diseases and for the assessment of exposure. Because of the variability of asbestos exposure and long latency periods, the analysis of asbestos lung content is a relevant method for identification of asbestos-associated diseases. Also, sources of secondary exposure, so called “bystander exposition” or environmental exposure can be examined by mineral fiber analysis.
Household contacts to asbestos are known for ten patients (1987–2009) in the German mesothelioma register; these patients lived together with family members working in the asbestos manufacturing industry.
Analysis of lung tissue for asbestos burden offers information on the past exposure. The predominant fiber-type identified by electron microscopy in patients with mesothelioma is amphibole asbestos (crocidolite or amosite). Latency times (mean 42.5 years) and mean age at the time of diagnose in patients with mesothelioma are increasing (65.5 years). The decrease of median asbestos burden of the lung in mesothelioma patients results in disease manifestation at a higher age.
Lung dust analyses are a relevant method for the determination of causation in mesothelioma. Analysis of asbestos burden of the lung and of fiber type provides insights into the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. The most important causal factor for the development of mesothelioma is still asbestos exposure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albin M, Johansson L, Poley F, Jakobsson K, Attewell R, Mitha R (1990) Mineral fibres, fibrosis and asbestos bodies in lung tissue from deceased asbestos cement workers. Br J Ind Med 47:767–74
Albracht G, Schwerdtfeger O (1991) Herausforderung Asbest. Universum Verlag GmbH KG, Wiesbaden
Amin KM, Litzky LA, Smythe WR (1995) Wilms tumor 1 susceptibility (WT1) gene products are selectively expressed in malignant mesothelioma. Am J Pathol 246:344–56
Antman KH, Ruxer RL, Aisner J, Vawter G (1984) Mesothelioma following Wilms’ tumor in childhood. Cancer 54:367–69
Aoe K, Hiraki A, Murakami T, Toyooka S, Shivapurkar N, Gazdar A, Sueoka N, Taguchi K, Kamei T, Takeyama H, Sugi K, Kishimoto T (2006) Infrequent existence of simian virus 40 large T antigen DNA in malignant mesothelioma in Japan. Cancer Sci 97:292–295
Arendt M, Bauer H, Blome H (2007) BK-Report 1/2007 – FaserjahreBerufsgenossenschaftliche Hinweise zur Ermittlung der kumulativen Asbestfaserstaub-Dosis am Arbeitsplatz (Faserjahre) und Bearbeitungshinweise zur Berufskrankheit Nr. 4104 “Lungenkrebs oder Kehlkopfkrebs”. In: Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), ed. Sankt Augustin, Germany 2007
Ashcroft T, Heppleston A (1973) The optical and electron microscopy determination of pulmonary asbestos fibre concentration and its relation to the human pathological reaction. J Clin Pathol 26:224–234
Attanoos R, Gibbs AR (1998) Peritoneal Mesothelioma: clinicopathological analysis of 227 cases from the U.K. mesothelioma register. Arch Anat Cyt Path Clin Exp Path 46:376
Bang K, Mazurek J, Storey E, Attfiel M, Schleiff P, Wood J (2009) Malignant mesothelioma mortality – United states 1999–2005. MMWR Morb Wkly Rep 58:393–396
Baris YI, Simonato L, Artvinli M (1987) Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibers: a four study in the Cappadocian region of Turkey. Int J Cancer 39:10–17
Berman D, Crump K (2008) A meta analysis of asbestos related cancer risk that addressed fiber size and mineral type. Crit Rev Toxicol 38:49–73
Bernstein D, Donaldson K, Decker U, Gaering S, Kunzendorf P, Chevallier J, Holm S (2005) A biopersistence study following exposure to chrysotile asbestos alone or in combination with fine particles. Inhal Toxicol 20:1009–1028
Bernstein D, Hoskins J (2006) The health effects of chrysile: current perspective based upon recent data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 45:252–264
Bernstein D, Rogers R, Sepulveda R, Donaldson K, Schuler D, Gaering S, Kunzendorf P, Chevalier J, Holm S. (2010) The pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite asbestos following short term inhalation exposure. interim results. Inhal. Toxicol 22:937–962
BIA-Arbeitsmappe (2000–2001) Bestimmung von anorganischen Fasern im menschlichen Lungengewebe 26. Lfg 26. III/01 und 24. Lfg. III/00 TEM und REM Methode
Bianchi C, Brollo A, Ramani L, Bianchi T (2000) Malignant mesothelioma in Europe. Int J Med Biol Environ 28:103–107
Bianchi C, Girelli L, Grandi G, Brillo A, Ramani L, Zuch C (1997) Latency periods in asbestos related mesothelioma of the pleura. Eur J Cancer Prev 6:162–6
Boutin C, Dumortiers R, Rey F, Viallat J, DeVuyst P (1996) Black spots concentrate oncogenic asbestos fibers in the parietal pleura. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:444–449
Brockmann M (1991) Asbestassoziierte Lungen- und Pleuraerkrankungen – pathologische Anatomie. Pneumologie 45:422–428
Brockmann M, Fischer M, Müller K (1989) Lungenstaubanalyse bei Bronchialkarzinomen und Mesotheliomen. Atemw Lungenkrankh 6:263–65
Browne K, Smither W (1983) Asbestos related mesothelioma factors discriminating between pleural and peritoneal sites. Br J Ind Med 40:145–152
Carbone M (1999) New molecular and epidemiological issues in mesothelioma Role of SV40. J Cell Physiol 180:167–72, Review
Cavazza A, Travis LB, Travis WD, Wolfe JT, Foo ML, Gillespie DJ, Weidner N, Colby TV (1996) Post irradiation malignant mesothelioma. Cancer 77:1379–1385
Churg A (1982) Fiber counting and analysis in the diagnosis of asbestos related diseases. Hum Pathol 13:381–392
Churg A (1988) Chrysotile, tremolite and malignant mesothelioma in man. Chest 93:621–28
Churg A (1994) Deposition and clearance of chrysotile asbestos. Ann Occup Hyg 38:625–633
Churg A, Warnock M (1981) Asbestos and other ferruginous bodies. Am J Pathol 102:447–456
Churg A, Warnock M, Green N (1977) Analysis of the cores ferruginous (asbestos) bodies from the general population. I. Patients with and without lung cancer. Lab Invest 37:280–286
Churg A, Warnock M, Green N (1979) Analysis of the core of ferruginous bodies from the general population. II. True asbestos bodies and pseudoasbestos bodies. Lab Invest 40:31–38
Churg A, Wiggs H (1984) Fiber size and number of amphibole asbestos induced mesothelioma. Am J Pathol 115:437–442
Churg A, Wiggs B, DePaoli L, Kampe B, Stevens B (1984) Lung asbestos content in chrysotile workers with mesothelioma. Am Rev Respir Dis 130:1042–45
Cooke W, Hill C (1927) Pulmonary asbestosis. J R Microsc Soc 47:232
Craighead J (1987) Current pathogenetic concepts of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Hum Pathol 18:544–557
Crouch E, Churg A (1984) Ferruginous bodies and the histologic evaluation of dust exposure. Am J Surg Pathol 8:109–116
Davis J, Beckett S, Bolton R, Collings P, Middleton A (1978) Mass and number of fibers in the pathogenesis of asbestos related lung disease in rats. Br J Cancer 37:673–688
Dawson A, Gibbs A, Pooley F, Griffiths D, Hoy J (1993) Malignant mesothelioma in women. Thorax 48:269–74
DeKlerk N, Musk A, Williams V, Filion P, Whitaker D, Shilkin K (1996) Comparison of measures of exposure to asbestos in former crocidolite workers from Wittenoom Gorge, W. Australia. Am J Ind Med 30:579–587
DeVuyst P, Karjalainen A, Dumortier P, Pairon J, Monso E, Brochard P, Teschler H, Tossavainen A, Gibbs A (1998) Guidelines for mineral fibre analysis in biological samples: report of the ERS Working group. Eur Resp J 11:1416–1426
DGUV (2008) Occupational cancer statistics www://dguv.de/inhalt/zahlen/bk/index.jsp
Dodson F, Aktinson M (2006) Measurements of asbestos burden in tissues. Ann NY Acad Sci 1076:281–291
Dodson R, O’Sullivan F, Corn C (1996) Relationships between ferruginous bodies and uncoated asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Arch Environ Health 51:462–6
Dodson R, O’Sullivan M, Corn M, McLarty J, Hammar S (1997) Analysis of asbestos fiber burden in lung tissue from mesothelioma patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 21:321–36
Dodson R, Williams M, Corn C, Brollo A, Bianchi C (1990) Asbestos content of lung tissue, lymph nodes and pleural plaques from former shipyard workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:843–847
Dodson R, Williams M, Huang J, Bruce J (1999) Tissue burden of asbestos in non-occupationally exposed individuals from east Texas. Am J Ind Med 35:281–286
Edge J, Choudhury S (1978) Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura in Barrow in Furness. Thorax 33:26–30
Eitner F, Otto H (1984) Zur Dignität von Asbestkörperzählungen im Lungengewebe. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Präventivmed 19:1–5
Elmes P (1994) Mesothelioma and chrysotile. Ann Occup Hyg 38:547–553
Ewers U, Fischer M, Müller K, Seemann J, Theile A, Welge P, Wittig P, Wittsiepe J (1999) Multiple inhalative exposure of the human lung to carcinogens, metalloids and asbestos fibers. BAMAS FP 1947–1469
Frank A, Dodson R, Williams M (1998) Carcinogenic implications of the lack of tremolite in UICC reference chrysotile. Am J Ind Med 34:314–17
Friedrichs K, Brockmann M, Fischer M, Wick G (1992) Electron microscopy analysis of mineral fibers in human lung tissue. Am J Ind Med 22(49):49–58
Friedrichs K, Dykers A, Otto H (1995) Material stability of asbestos fibers in human lung tissue [Materialstabilität von Asbestfasern im Lungengewebe]. Arbeits Sozial Umweltm 30:18–20
Friedrichs KH, Otto H, Fischer M (1992) Gesichtspunkte zur Faseranalyse in Lungenstäuben. Arbeits Soz Prävent 27:228–32
Gaudichet A, Janson X, Monchaux G (1988) Assessment by analytical microscopy of the total lung fibre burden in mesothelioma patients matched with four other pathological series. Ann Occup Hyg 32(Suppl):213–23
Gibbs G (1970) Qualitative aspects of dust exposure in the Quebec asbestos mining and milling industry. In: Walton WH (ed) Inhalated particles 3, Proceeding of the British occupational hygiene society symposium, London, 1970, pp 783–799
Gibbs A (1990) Role of asbestos and other fibres in the development of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Thorax 45:649–54
Gibbs A, Attanonous R (2000) Examination of lung specimens. J Clin Pathol 53:507–12
Gibbs A, Pooley F (1996) Analysis and interpretation of inorganic mineral fibers in lung tissue. Thorax 51:327–34
Gibbs A, Stephens M, Griffiths D, Blight B, Pooley F (1991) Fibre distribution in the lungs and pleura of subjects with asbestos related diffuse pleural fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:843–847
Glyseth B, Baumann R, Overaae L (1982) Analysis of fibers in human lung tissue. Br J Ind Med 39:191–195
Gold C (1971) Asbestos in tumours. J Clin Pathol 24:481
Gross P, Trevillle R, Haller M (1969) Pulmonary ferruginous bodies (asbestos) bodies in city dwellers a study of their central fiber. Arch Environ Health 19:186–191
Hammar S, Roggli V, Ovry T, Moffat E (1998) Malignant mesothelioma in women. Lung Cancer 18:38
Hein M, Stayner L, Lehmann E, Dement J (2007) Follow up of chrysotile textile workers: cohort mortality and exposure response. Occup Environ Med 64:616–625
Hodgson J, Darnton A (2000) The quantitative risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 44:565–601
Hoggson J, McElvenny D, Darnton A, Price M, Peto J (2005) The expected burden of mesothelioma mortality in Great Britain from 2002 to 2050. Br J Cancer 92:587–593
Howel D, Gibbs A, Arblaster L, Swinburne L, Schweiger M, Renvoize E, Hatton P, Pooley F (1999) Mineral fibre analysis and routes of exposure to asbestos in the development of mesothelioma in an English region. Occup Environ Med 56:51–58
Illgren E, Browne K (1991) Asbestos related mesothelioma: evidence for a threshold in animals and human. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 13:116–32
Karyalainen A, Nurminen M, Vanhala E, Vainio H, Antilla S (1996) Pulmonary asbestos bodies and asbestos fibres as indicators of exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 22:34–38
Kayser K, Becker C, Seeberg N, Gabius HJ (1999) Quantitation of asbestos and asbestos like fibres in human lung tissue by hot and wet ashing and the significance of their presence for survival of lung carcinoma and mesothelioma patients. Lung Cancer 24:89–98
Kohyama N, Hiroko K, Kunihiko Y, Yoshizumi S (1992) Evaluation of low level asbestos exposure by transbronchial lung biopsy with analytical electron microscopy. J Electron Microsc 42:315–327
Kohyama N, Suzuki Y (1991) Analysis of asbestos fibres in lung parenchyma, pleural plaques and mesothelioma tissues of north American insulation workers. Ann NY Acad Sci 643:27–52
Landrigan P, Nicholson W, Suzuki Y, Ladou J (1999) The hazard of chrysotile asbestos: a critical review. Ind Health 37:271–280
Leigh J, Davidson P, Hendrie L, Berry D (2002) Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945–2000. Am J Ind Med 41:188–201
Leigh J, Rogers A, Ferguson D, Mulder H, Ackad M, Thompson R (1991) Lung asbestos fiber content and mesothelioma cell type site and survival. Cancer 68:135–141
Lidell D (1994) Cancer mortality in chrysotile mining and milling: exposure-response. Ann Occup Hyg 38:519–523
Lin R, Takabashi K, Karjalainen A, Hoshuyama T, Wilson D, Kameda T, Chan C, Wen C, Furuya S, Higashi T, Chien L, Ohtaki M (2007) Ecological association between asbestos related diseases and historical asbestos consumption: an international analysis. Lancet 369:844–849
Livneh A, Langevitz P, Pras M (1999) Pulmonary associations in familial Mediterranean fever. Curr Opin Pulm Med 5:326–31
Marchand F (1906) Über eigentümliche Pigmentkristalle in den Lungen. Verhand Deutsch Pathos Gesell 10:223–228
Marinaccio A, Binazzi A, Cauzillo G, Cavone D, DeZottti R, Ferrante P, Gennaro V, Gorini G, Menegozzo M, Mensi C, Merler E, Mirabelli D, Montanaro F, Musti M, Pannelli F, Romanelli A, Scarselli A, Tumino R (2007) Analysis of latency time and its determinants in asbestos related malignant mesothelioma cases of the Italian register. Eur J Cancer 43(18):2722–2728
Maurer R, Egloff B (1975) Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after cholangiography with thorotrast. Cancer 36:1381–85
McDonald S (1927) Histology of pulmonary asbestosis. Br Med J 3(2):1025
McDonald J (1998) Mineral fibre persistence and carcinogenicity. Ind Health 36:372–5
McDonald J, Amstrong B, Case B (1989) Mesothelioma and asbestos fiber type: evidence from lung tissue analyses. Cancer 63:154–1547
McDonald J, McDonald A (1996) The epidemiology of mesothelioma in historical context. Eur Respir J 9:1932–42
McDonald J, McDonald A (1997) Chrysotile, tremolite and carcinogenicity. Ann Occup Hyg 6:699–705
McDonald J, McDonald A, Hughes JM (1999) Chrysotile, tremolite and fibrogenicity. Ann Occup Hyg 43:439–442
McDonald AD, McDonald JC, Pooley FC (1982) Mineral fiber content of lung in mesothelioma tumors in North America. Ann Occup Hyg 26:417–422
McElvenny D, Darnton A, Price M, Hodgson J (2005) Mesothelioma mortality in Great Britain from 1968 to 2001. Occup Med 55:79–87
Mirabelli D, Calisti R, Barone-Adesi F, Foriero E, Merletti F, Magnani C (2008) Excess of mesothelioma after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy. Occup Environ Med 65:815–819
Morgan A, Holmes A (1979) Concentrations and dimensions of coated and uncoated asbestos fibers in the human lung. Br J Ind Med 37:25–32
Morgan A, Holmes A (1983) Distribution and characteristics of amphibole asbestos fibres, measured with the light microscope, in the left lung of an insulations worker. Br J Ind Med 40:45–50
Morgan A, Holmes A (1984) The distribution and characteristics of asbestos fibers in the lungs Finnish anthophyllite mine workers. Environ Res 33:62–75
Moulin E, Yourassowsky N, Dumortier P, DeVuyst J, Yernault J (1988) Electron microscopy analysis of asbestos body cores from the Belgian urban population. Eur Respir J 1:818–822
Neumann V, Günther S, Müller K, Fischer M (2001) Malignant mesothelioma – German mesothelioma register 1987 to 1999. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:383–395
Neumann V, Kraus T, Fischer M, Löseke S, Tannapfel A (2009) Relevance of Pathological Examinations and Lung Dust Analyses in the Context of Asbestos-Associated Lung Cancer-No. 4104 of the List of occupational diseases in Germany. Pneumologie 63:588–593
Neumann V, Müller K, Fischer M (1999) Peritoneal mesothelioma – Frequencies and aetiology [Peritoneale Mesotheliome – Häufigkeiten und Ätiologie]. Pathologe 20:169–176
Newhouse M, Berry G, Wagner J (1985) Mortality of workers in east London 1933-80. Br J Ind Med 42:4–11
Ophus E, Mowe G, Osen K, Glyseth B (1980) Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of mineral deposits in lungs of a patient with pleural mesothelioma. Br J Ind Med 37:375–381
Osman E, Hasan B, Meral U, Ercan A, Mehmet T, Nazan B, Ayhan Ö, Erhan E, Öner D (2007) Recent discovery of an old diseases. Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a village in south east turkey. Respirology 12:448–451
Pesch B, Taeger D, Johnen G, Gross I, Weber D, Gube M, Müller-Lux A, Heinze E, Wiethege T, Neumann V, Tannapfel A, Raithel H, Brünning T, Kraus T (2010) Cancer mortality in a surveillance cohort of German males formerly exposed to asbestos. Int J Hyg Environ Health 213:44–51
Pierce J, McKinley M, Pausenbach D, Finley B (2008) An evaluation of reported no effect chrysotile asbestos exposure for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Crit Rev Toxicol 38:191–214
Pooley F (1976) An examination of the fibrous mineral content of asbestos lung tissue from the Canadian chrysotile mining industry. Environ Res 12:281–298
Pooley F, Ranson D (1986) Comparison of the results of asbestos fibers dust counts in lung tissue by analytical electron microscopy and light microscopy. J Clin Pathol 39:313–317
Price B, Ware A (2004) Mesothelioma trends in the United states: an update based on surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data for 1973 through 2003. Am J Epidemiol 159:107–12
Rees D, Myers J, Goodmann K, Fourie E, Blignaut C, Chapman R, Bachmann M (1999) Case control study of mesothelioma in south Africa. Am Ind Med 35:213–22
Ridell RH, Goodman MJ, Moossa AR (1981) Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a patient with recurrent peritonitis. Cancer 48:134–139
Robinson B, Lake R (2005) Advances in malignant mesothelioma. N Engl J Med 253:1591–603
Rödelsperger K, Woitowitz H, Brückel B, Arhelger R, Pohlabeln H, Jöckel K (1999) Dose-response relationship between amphibole fibre lung burden and mesothelioma. Cancer Detect Prev 23:183–93
Rogers A (1984) Determination of mineral fiber in human lung tissue by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ann Occup Hyg 1:1–12
Rogers A, Leigh J, Berry G, Fergusond A, Mulder H, Ackad M (1991) Relationship between lung asbestos fiber type and concentration and relative risk of mesothelioma. Cancer 67:1912–20
Roggli V (1982) Pulmonary asbestos body counts and electron probe analysis of asbestos body cores in patients with mesothelioma. A study of 25 cases. Cancer 50:2423–2432
Roggli V (1992) Quantitative and analytical studies in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Semin Diagn Pathol 9:162–168
Roggli V (2006) The role of analytical SEM in the determination of causation in malignant mesothelioma. Ultrastruct Pathol 30:31–35
Roggli V, Oury T, Sporn T (2004) Pathology of asbestos associated diseases, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Roggli V, Pratt P, Brody A (1986) Asbestos content in lung tissue with asbestos associated diseases: a study of 110 cases. Br J Ind Med 43:18–19
Roggli V, Pratt P, Brody A (1993) Asbestos fiber type in malignant mesothelioma: an analytical electron microscopy study of 94 cases. Ultrastruct Pathol Am J Ind Med 23:605–614
Roggli V, Sanders L (2000) Asbestos content of the lung tissue and carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathologic correlation and mineral fiber analysis of 234 cases. Ann Occup Hyg 44:109–117
Roggli V, Vollmer R (2008) Twenty five years of fiber analysis: what have we learned? Hum Pathol 39:307–15
Roushdy-Hammady I, Siegel J, Emri S, Testa J, Carbone M (2001) Genetic-susceptibility factor and malignant mesothelioma in the Cappadocian region of Turkey. Lancet 357:444–455
Sakai K, Hisanagna N, Huang J, Chibata E, Ono Y, Aoki T, Tarando T, Yokoi T, Takeuchi Y (1994) Asbestos and non asbestos fiber content in lung tissue of Japanese patients with malignant mesothelioma. Cancer 73:1825–1835
Sebastien P, Fondimare A, Bignon J, Monchaux G, Desbordes J, Bonnaud G (1977) Topographic distribution of asbestos fibers in human lung in relation to an nonoccupational exposure. In: Walton W, McGovern E (eds) Inhaled particles IV. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 435–444
Selikoff I (1986) Asbestos associated diseases. In: Rosenau M (ed) Public Health and preventive medicine, 11th edn. Appleton, Century Crofts, New York, pp 568–598
Selikoff I, Lee D (1978) Asbestos and disease. Academic, New York
Smith A, Wright C (1996) Chrysotile asbestos is the main cause of pleural mesothelioma. Am J Ind Med 30:252–66
Stayner L, Kuempel E, Gilbert S, Hein M, Dement J (2008) An epidemiological study of asbestos fibre dimension in determining respiratory disease risk in exposed workers. Occup Environ Med 65:613–19
Stettler L, Sharpnack D, Krieg E (2008) Chronic Inhalation of short asbestos: lung fiber burdens and histopathological for monkeys maintained for 11, 5 years after exposure. Inhal Toxicol 20:63–73
Survana K, Layton C (2006) What is a significant lung asbestos fibre result? Histopathology 48:200–19
Suzuki Y, Yuen S (2001) Asbestos tissue burden study in human malignant mesothelioma. Ind Health 39:150–160
Tomatis L, Susanna C, Francessco C, Merler E, Mollo F, Ricci P, Silvestri S, Vineis P, Teracini B (2007) The role of asbestos fiber dimensions in the prevention of mesothelioma. Int J Occup Environ Health 13:64–69
Vianna NJ (1978) Non occupational exposure to asbestos and malignant mesothelioma in females. Lancet 1(8073):1061–1063
Wagner J, Berry G, Pooley F (1982) Mesothelioma and asbestos type in asbestos textile workers: a study of lung content. Br Med J 285:603–6
Wagner J, Berry G, Skidmore J, Timbrell V (1974) The effects of the inhalation of asbestos in rats. Br J Cancer 29:252–269
Wagner JC, Sleggs CA, Marchand P (1960) Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the north western cape province. Br J Ind Med 17:260–71
Woitowitz HJ, Hillerdal G, Calazos A (1994) Risiko und Einflussfaktoren des diffusen malignen Mesothelioms (DMM). Research Report series “Arbeit und Technik”, Fb 698. Wirtschaftsverlag NW. Federal Institute for occupational Safety and Health, Bremerhaven
Yates D, Corrin B, Stidolph P, Browne K (1997) Malignant mesothelioma in south east England: clinicopathological experience of 272 cases. Thorax 52:507–512
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neumann, V., Löseke, S., Tannapfel, A. (2011). Mesothelioma and Analysis of Tissue Fiber Content. In: Tannapfel, A. (eds) Malignant Mesothelioma. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 189. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10862-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10862-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10861-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10862-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)