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Climate change in the Amazon Basin: Tipping points, changes in extremes, and impacts on natural and human systems

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Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change

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Abstract

The Amazon River system is the single, largest source of freshwater on Earth and its flow regime is subject to interannual and long-term climate variability, which translate into large variations in downstream discharge (Richey et al., 1989; Marengo and Nobre, 2001; Marengo 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007; Milly et al., 2005, Marengo et al., 2008a, b; Cox et al., 2008; Zeng et al., 2008). To predict future climate (rainfall) change and consequent river variability an understanding of the physical mechanisms related to regional and large-scale atmospheric–oceanic–biospheric forcings is required. The temporal and spatial nature and impact of any variability in the hydrometeorology of the Amazon Basin must be considered in this context.

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  1. CPTEC/INPE-Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies/National Institute for Space Research, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 40, Caixa Postal 01, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, 12630-000, Brazil

    J. A. Marengo & G. Sampaio

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  1. J. A. Marengo
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  2. C. A. Nobre
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  3. G. Sampaio
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  4. L. F. Salazar
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  5. L. S. Borma
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Correspondence to J. A. Marengo .

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  1. Dept. Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, W. University Boulevard 150, Melbourne, 32901, Florida, USA

    Mark Bush

  2. School of People, Environment/Planning, Geography Programme, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    John Flenley

  3. Sciences, Department of Earth and Environment, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

    William Gosling

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Marengo, J.A., Nobre, C.A., Sampaio, G., Salazar, L.F., Borma, L.S. (2011). Climate change in the Amazon Basin: Tipping points, changes in extremes, and impacts on natural and human systems. In: Bush, M., Flenley, J., Gosling, W. (eds) Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05383-2_9

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