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Outer Membrane Proteins

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Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds

Abstract

The outer membrane is considered to be a barrier in Gram-negative bacteria. However, bacteria are not autonomous and have to communicate in many ways with their surroundings. This interaction ranges from their association to surfaces, uptake of solutes, and sensing of environmental conditions to export of solutes into attacked cells. To perform these various functions, the outer membrane hosts many proteins. The protein family initially discovered was named porins, as they form pores for the uptake of solutes. They were considered to be unspecific for small solutes and thereby gave an impression of a molecular sieve behavior of the outer membrane. Research in recent decades, however, challenged this opinion, as several solute-specific porins were discovered. As these proteins are unique with respect to their structure, we first will introduce the structural concept of the outer membrane proteome. Subsequently, the classical porins and solute-specific porins will be described. Within this chapter, we aim to explain their importance for cell function and consequently will focus in an separate chapter on their regulation by small noncoding RNAs. Recently, the outer membrane proteins involved in outer membrane biogenesis have moved into the focus of investigations. Here, proteins involved in the biogenesis of the lipid and lipopolysaccharide layer and of the outer membrane proteins are studied. Finally, the export (secretion) systems will be compared. As the range of outer membrane proteins is too large to be covered fully, the reader will find general concepts of the function of outer membrane proteins, which are discussed in selected examples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, JWGU Frankfurt am Main, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Centre of Membrane Proteomics, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany

    Enrico Schleiff

Authors
  1. Oliver Mirus
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  2. Alexander Hahn
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  3. Enrico Schleiff
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Enrico Schleiff .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Mikrobiologie und, Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, Mainz, 55099, Germany

    Helmut König

  2. Inst. Mikrobiologie und, Universität Mainz, Becherweg 15, Mainz, 55099, Germany

    Harald Claus

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201303, India

    Ajit Varma

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Mirus, O., Hahn, A., Schleiff, E. (2010). Outer Membrane Proteins. In: König, H., Claus, H., Varma, A. (eds) Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05062-6_6

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