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MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Regulation, and Role in Primary Brain Tumors

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Therapeutic Ribonucleic Acids in Brain Tumors

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22 nucleotides long, endogenous, single-stranded, non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. To date, more than 600 distinct human miRNAs have been identified. This chapter reviews the current state of the art concerning the genomic organization of miRNA loci, miRNA biogenesis, and the complex mechanisms involved in the miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression. A particular focus is placed on the techniques that are currently available to assess miRNA expression levels in cells and tissues, as well as the methods used to specifically modulate miRNA expression in vitro and in vivo. In the past few years, it has become increasingly apparent that certain miRNA species are not only involved in the regulation of physiological processes during development, differentiation, aging, and tissue repair, but are also of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of cancer development and progression. Therefore, this chapter also addresses the role of miRNA aberrations in cancer, with a particular focus on recent findings in primary central nervous system tumors, such as gliomas and medulloblastomas, as well as pituitary adenomas. Although the entire field of miRNA-related research is still rather young, further understanding of the role of miRNAs in brain tumor pathogenesis will not only enhance our knowledge on molecular pathomechanisms, but also promises significant advances in brain tumor diagnostics and individually targeted therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Bastian Malzkorn, Marietta Wolter & Guido Reifenberger

Authors
  1. Bastian Malzkorn
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  2. Marietta Wolter
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  3. Guido Reifenberger
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guido Reifenberger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Chemie und Biochemie, FU Berlin, Thielallee 63, Berlin, 14195, Germany

    Volker A. Erdmann

  2. Inst. Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany

    Guido Reifenberger

  3. Inst. Bioorganic Chemistry, PAN Poznan, ul. Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznan, 61-704, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Malzkorn, B., Wolter, M., Reifenberger, G. (2009). MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Regulation, and Role in Primary Brain Tumors. In: Erdmann, V., Reifenberger, G., Barciszewski, J. (eds) Therapeutic Ribonucleic Acids in Brain Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00475-9_15

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