Abstract
Semantic Web languages cannot currently represent vague or uncertain information. However, their crisp model-theoretic semantics can be extended to represent uncertainty in much the same way first-order logic was extended to fuzzy logic. We show how the interpretation of an RDF graph (or an RDF Schema ontology) can be a matter of values, addressing a common problem in real-life knowledge management. While unmodified RDF triples can be interpreted according to the new semantics, an extended syntax is needed in order to store fuzzy membership values within the statements. We give conditions an extended interpretation must meet to be a model of an extended graph. Reasoning in the resulting fuzzy languages can be implemented by current inferencers with minimal adaptations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Scientific American, 28–37 (May 2001)
Berners-Lee, T.: What the semantic web can represent. W3C design issues, World Wide Web Consortium (September 1998)
Hayes, P.: RDF Semantics. Recommendation, W3C (February 10, 2004)
Bechhofeer, S., van Harmelen, F., Hendler, J., Horrocks, I., McGuinness, D., Patel-Schneider, P., Stein, L.A.: OWL web ontology language reference. Recommendation, W3C (February 10, 2004)
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: Reducing OWL entailment to description logic satisfiability. J. of Web Semantics 4(1) (2004)
Yen, J.: Generalizing term subsumption languages to fuzzy logic. In: Reiter, R., Myopoulos, J. (eds.) Proc. of the 12th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 1991), pp. 472–477 (1991)
Straccia, U.: Reasoning within fuzzy description logics. J. of Artificial Intelligence Research 14, 137–166 (2001)
Straccia, U.: Towards a fuzzy description logic for the semantic web (preliminary report). In: Gómez-Pérez, A., Euzenat, J. (eds.) ESWC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3532, pp. 167–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Stoilos, G., Stamou, G., Tzouvaras, V., Pan, J., Horrocks, I.: Fuzzy OWL: Uncertainty and the semantic web. In: Proc. of the Int. Workshop of OWL: Experiences and Directions, Galway, Ireland (2005)
Tresp, C.B., Molitor, R.: A description logic for vague knowledge. In: Proc. of the 13th European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI’98), pp. 361–365. J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1998)
Sánchez, D., Tettamanzi, A.: Generalizing quantification in fuzzy description logics. Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications, 397–411 (2005)
Stoilos, G., Stamou, G., Tzouvaras, V., Pan, J., Horrocks, I.: A fuzzy description logic for multimedia knowledge representation. In: Int. Workshop on Multimedia and the Semantic Web (2005)
Hölldobler, S., Khang, T.D., Störr, H.P.: A fuzzy description logic with hedges as concept modifiers. In: Proc. InTech/VJFuzzy 2002, pp. 25–34 (2002)
Stoilos, G., Stamou, G., Tzouvaras, V., Pan, J., Horrocks, I.: The fuzzy description logic f-\(\mathcal{SHIN}\). In: ISWC Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, Galway, Ireland, November 7 2005. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 173, pp. 67–76 (2005)
Gao, M., Liu, C.: Extending OWL by fuzzy descripion logic. In: Proc. of the 17th IEEE Int. Conf. on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI 2005), Hong Kong, China, pp. 562–567. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005)
Stoilos, G., Straccia, U., Stamou, G., Pan, J.Z.: General concept inclusions in fuzzy description logics. In: Proc. of the 17th European Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2006), pp. 457–461. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2006)
Stoilos, G., Stamou, G., Pan, J.: Handling imprecise knowledge with fuzzy description logic. In: Proc. of DL 2006 (2006)
Stoilos, G., Stamou, G.: Extending fuzzy description logics for the semantic web-based. In: Proc. of the 3rd Int. Workshop on OWL: Experience and Direction, OWLED 2007 (2007)
Mazzieri, M.: A fuzzy RDF semantics to represent trust metadata. In: 1st Workshop on Semantic Web Applications and Perspectives (SWAP 2004), Ancona, Italy, December 10, 2004, pp. 83–89 (2004)
Mazzieri, M., Dragoni, A.F.: A fuzzy semantics for semantic web languages. In: ISWC Workshop on Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web, Galway, Ireland, November 7, 2005. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 173, pp. 12–22 (2005)
Udrea, O., Recupero, D.R., Subrahmanian, V.: Annotated RDF. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (submitted)
Klyne, G., Carroll, J.J.: Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and abstract syntax. W3C recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (February 2004)
Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., Masinter, L.: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic syntax. RFC 2396, IETF (August 1998)
Goldfarb, W.D. (ed.): Logical Writings of Jacques Herbrand. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1971)
Zadeh, L.: A fuzzy set theoretic interpretation of linguistic hedges. J. of Cybernetics 2(3), 4–34 (1972)
Dubois, D., Prade, H.: A class of fuzzy measures based on triangular norms. Int. J. of General Systems 8, 43–61 (1982)
Zimmermann, H.J.: Fuzzy Set Theory— and Its Applications, 3rd edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1996)
Nguyen, H.T., Walker, E.A.: A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, 2nd edn. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2000)
Grant, J., Beckett, D.: RDF test cases. W3C recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (February 10, 2004)
Beckett, D.: RDF/XML syntax specification (revised). W3C recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (February 2004)
Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8, 338–353 (1965)
Dubois, D., Prade, H.: Fuzzy Sets and Systems. Academic Press, New York (1980)
Zadeh, L.A.: Calculus of Fuzzy Restrictions. In: Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications to Cognitive and Decision Processes, pp. 1–39. Academic Press, New York (1975)
Burillo, P., Frago, N., Fuentes, R.: Inclusion grade and fuzzy implication operators. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 114(3), 417–429 (2000)
Broekstra, J., Kampman, A., van Harmelen, F.: Sesame: A generic architecture for storing and quering RDF and RDF Schema. In: Horrocks, I., Hendler, J. (eds.) ISWC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2342, pp. 54–68. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Broekstra, J., Kampman, A.: Inferencing and truth maintenance in RDF Schema: exploring a naive practical approach. In: Workshop on Practical and Scalable Semantic Systems (PSSS 2003). 2nd Int. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC 2003), Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, October 20–24 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mazzieri, M., Dragoni, A.F. (2008). A Fuzzy Semantics for the Resource Description Framework. In: da Costa, P.C.G., et al. Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web I. URSW URSW URSW 2006 2007 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5327. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89765-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89765-1_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89764-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89765-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)