Abstract
An optimal scaffold for tissue engineering applications would mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of those tissues to be regenerated perfectly and completely. In the case of bone, this is simply not possible, because the ECM of bone is adapted exactly to the local requirements, especially with regard to the mechanical situation. Nevertheless, a “biomimetic” scaffold material which resembles the composition and (micro)structure of bone ECM could be a suitable matrix for bone cell cultivation, allowing the generation of mineralised tissue in vitro and regenerative therapy of bone defects in vivo. On the lowest level, bone ECM consists of a highly organised nanocomposite of collagen type I fibrils and mineral phase hydroxyapatite (HAP). Many attempts have been made in the last decades at developing artificial materials which mimic this matrix. This chapter discusses one particular method, in which collagen fibril reassembly and HAP nanocrystal formation take place simultaneously, leading to a real nanocomposite of both phases—mineralised collagen. The formation process, several scaffold types, their properties and possible applications are described. In addition, first approaches to setting up an in vitro model for bone remodelling based on this artificial ECM are presented.
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Gelinsky, M. (2009). Mineralised Collagen as Biomaterial and Matrix for Bone Tissue Engineering. In: Meyer, U., Handschel, J., Wiesmann, H., Meyer, T. (eds) Fundamentals of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_36
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77755-7_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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