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A Distinct Role for B1b Lymphocytes in T Cell-Independent Immunity

  • Chapter
Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 319))

Abstract

Pathogenesis of infectious disease is not only determined by the virulence of the microbe but also by the immune status of the host. Vaccination is the most effective means to control infectious diseases. A hallmark of the adaptive immune system is the generation of B cell memory, which provides a long-lasting protective antibody response that is central to the concept of vaccination. Recent studies revealed a distinct function for B1b lymphocytes, a minor subset of mature B cells that closely resembles that of memory B cells in a number of aspects. In contrast to the development of conventional B cell memory, which requires the formation of germinal centers and T cells, the development of B1b cell-mediated long-lasting antibody responses occurs independent of T cell help. T cell-independent (TI) antigens are important virulence factors expressed by a number of bacterial pathogens, including those associated with biological threats. TI antigens cannot be processed and presented to T cells and therefore are known to possess restricted T cell-dependent (TD) immunogenicity. Nevertheless, specific recognition of TI antigens by B1b cells and the highly protective antibody responses mounted by them clearly indicate a crucial role for this subset of B cells. Understanding the mechanisms of long-term immunity conferred by B1b cells may lead to improved vaccine efficacy for a variety of TI antigens.

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Abbreviations

AID:

Activation-induced cytidinedeaminase

BCR:

B cell antigen receptor

Btk:

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase

CSR:

Class switch-recombination

FO:

Follicular

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NP:

4-Hydroxy-3-Nitrophenyl-Acetyl

PerC:

Peritoneal cavity

PS:

Polysaccharide

Rag1:

Recombination-activating gene 1

SHM:

Somatic hypermutation

TD:

T cell-dependent

TI:

T cell-independent

TI-1:

T cell-independent type 1

TI-2:

T cell-independent type 2

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

Xid:

X-linked immunodeficiency

XLA:

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 726, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    K. R. Alugupalli

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  1. K. R. Alugupalli
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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tim Manser PhD

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Alugupalli, K.R. (2008). A Distinct Role for B1b Lymphocytes in T Cell-Independent Immunity. In: Manser, T. (eds) Specialization and Complementation of Humoral Immune Responses to Infection. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 319. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73900-5_5

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