Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a common malformation characterized by a defect in the postero-lateral diaphragm, the foramen of Bochdaleck, through which the abdominal viscera migrate into the chest during fetal life. The incidence of CDH ranges from 1 in 2,500–5,000 births in recent population-based studies. Approximately 80% of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia occurs on the left side and 20% on the right side. Bilateral CDH is rare. The size of the defect varies from small (2 or 3 cm) to very large, involving most of the hemidiaphragm.
The incidence of associated anomalies has been reported to be about 40% in most series. The most common abnormalities associated with CDH are cardiovascular anomalies, followed by skeletal, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, cran-iofacial, abdominal wall defects, and chromosomal and syndromic defects.
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Further Reading
Almendinger N, West SL, Wilson J (2006) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In MD Stringer, KT Oldham, PDE Mouriquand (eds) Pediatric Surgery and Urology: Longterm Outcomes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 150–157
Bohn D (2002) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:911–915
Downard CD, Jaksic T, Garza JJ et al (2003) Analysis of an improved survival rate for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 38:729–732
Granrholm T, Albanese CT, Harrison MR (2003) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In P Puri (ed) Newborn Surgery. Arnold, London, pp 309–314
Puri P (2006) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In Puri P, Höllwarth M (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 115–124
Sydorak RM, Harrison MR (2003) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Advances in prenatal therapy. Clin Perinatol 30:465–479
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Puri, P., Nakazawa, N. (2009). Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. In: Puri, P., Höllwarth, M. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69560-8_31
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69560-8_31
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