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EHxoorgmeonnoeuss, aMnadmEmndooggraepnhoiucs Density and Breast Cancer Risk: Can Mammographic Density Be Considered an Intermediate Marker of Risk?

  • Conference paper
Cancer Prevention II

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 181))

Abstract

Elevated mammographic density measures are a well-established, relatively strong risk factor for breast cancer development. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies strikingly establishes parallels between the associations of combined postmenopausal estrogen and progestin replacement therapy with, on the one hand, mammo-graphic densities and, on the other hand, breast cancer risk. Other parallel observations were the inverse associations of both mammographic density and breast cancer risk with the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, and direct associations with prolactin. Paradoxically, however, high mammographic density has been found associated with higher risks of both estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive (ER̫/ PR̫) and negative (ER−/PR−) breast cancers, while hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, but also circulating (blood) levels of androgens, estrogens, and prolactin appear to be associated more specifically to the risk of ER̫ tumors. The effects of aromatase inhibitors and gonadotro-pin-releasing hormone agonists on breast density, as well as on breast cancer risk, still require further investigation. Regarding circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I or IGFBP-3, studies did not show fully consistent relationships with mammographic density measures and breast cancer risk. In view of these various findings, it is impossible, at present, to propose mammographic density measures as an intermediate risk-related phenotype, integrating the effects of exogenous and/or endogenous hormones on the risk of developing breast cancer.

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    Susen Becker & Rudolf Kaaks

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Becker, S., Kaaks, R. (2009). EHxoorgmeonnoeuss, aMnadmEmndooggraepnhoiucs Density and Breast Cancer Risk: Can Mammographic Density Be Considered an Intermediate Marker of Risk?. In: Senn, HJ., Kapp, U., Otto, F. (eds) Cancer Prevention II. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 181. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69297-3_14

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