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Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR)

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Volcano Deformation

Part of the book series: Springer Praxis Books ((GEOPHYS))

Abstract

Geodesists are, for the most part, a patient and hardworking lot. A day spent hiking to a distant peak, hours spent waiting for clouds to clear a line-of-sight between observation points, weeks spent moving methodically along a level line — such is the normal pulse of the geodetic profession. The fruits of such labors are all the more precious because they are so scarce. A good day spent with an electronic distance meter (EDM) or level typically produces fewer than a dozen data points. A year of tiltmeter output sampled at ten-minute intervals constitutes less than half a megabyte of data. All of the leveling data ever collected at Yellowstone Caldera fit comfortably on a single PC diskette! These quantities are trivial by modern datastorage standards, in spite of the considerable efforts expended to produce them.

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References

  1. SRTM’s primary objective was to produce a worldwide DEM with I arc-second (~30 m) spatial resolution, 16 m absolute height accuracy, and 10 m relative height accuracy (Farr and Kobrick, 2000). Plans to distribute global SRTM data were sharply curtailed after II September 2001 for reasons of US national security. SRTM data with 30 m spatial resolution are currently available for the US, and with 90 m resolution for all of North America and South America. Data for other continents will follow. Portions of the 30 m dataset outside of the US are available for scientific applications by special request. SRTM DEM data can be accessed at http://seamless.usgs.gov/.

  2. The year-to-year range changes are small enough to have been caused by tropospheric-path delays, as discussed by Beauducel etal. (2000) for Mount Etna, but three lines of evidence point instead to ground deformation as the cause: (1) the fringes around Norris Geyser Basin appear in several independent interferograms spanning similar time periods, (2) the Norris area is relatively flat so there is no reason to suspect a strong topographic influence on tropospheric water vapor concentration, and (3) the uplift inferred from InSAR was corroborated by comparison of leveling results from 1987 and 2004 (CVO, unpublished data).

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  3. Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI): a measure of the size of volcanic eruptions akin to the Richter magnitude scale for earthquakes. The VEI is a 0-to-8 index of increasing explosivity, each interval representing an increase of about a factor of ten. It combines total volume of explosive products, eruptive cloud height, descriptive terms, and other measures (Newhall and Self, 1982).

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© 2007 Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK

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Dzurisin, D., Lu, Z. (2007). Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR). In: Volcano Deformation. Springer Praxis Books. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_5

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