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Allium Genetic Resources

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The Allium Genomes

Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

An overview of the developments in Allium genetic resources during the past 25 years is presented in this chapter. A first important development has been the introduction and further development of web-based genebanking information systems (e.g. GENESYS, PLANTSEARCH), which facilitated the exchange of data to a large extent between Allium collection holders worldwide. These information systems made it possible to obtain an overview of the Allium genetic resources managed worldwide and identify the gaps in collections which still need to be filled, especially in the face of the ongoing genetic erosion. A second important area of progress has been the development of new methods for the maintenance of Allium germplasm, especially cryopreservation. This method has made it possible to maintain Allium accessions in a cheap and effective way. The method is especially important for the conservation of vegetatively maintained germplasm. Other developments in Allium genebanking are the improvement of the health status of the germplasm kept in the collections and the continuing characterization and evaluation of germplasm, which stimulates the utilization of the Allium genetic resources held in genebanks. Significant changes could also be observed with respect to acquisition and exchange of plant genetic resources due to many and complex new regulations on the legal and organizational levels due to the adoption of the CBD and IT-PGRFA by many countries. It makes the handling of the plant accessions safer and more consistent but also more circumstantial. Finally, we need to underline that in an increasingly changing world with all the threats of genetic erosion and extinction due to disappearance of traditional cultivation methods, devastation of our environment and climatic change, the conservation of genetic resources is of prime importance for agriculture. Especially for breeders, a highly diverse genepool of a crop plant is an invaluable treasure. The importance to keep this treasure will no doubt become even more important in the future.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.cbd.int/.

  2. 2.

    http://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/en/.

  3. 3.

    http://missions.cgn.wur.nl/TPSK/TPSK.htm.

  4. 4.

    http://203.64.245.49/AVGRIS/#.

  5. 5.

    Data were provided by their collection curators [names in brackets] in March 2017.

  6. 6.

    Tests performed according to the rules of the International Seed Testing Association ISTA.

  7. 7.

    http://www.theplantlist.org/.

  8. 8.

    http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do.

  9. 9.

    http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do.

  10. 10.

    http://www.tropicos.org/.

  11. 11.

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomybrowse.aspx.

  12. 12.

    http://www.gbif.org/.

  13. 13.

    http://www.fao.org/wiews-archive/wiews.jsp.

  14. 14.

    http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.

  15. 15.

    http://eurisco.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=103:1.

  16. 16.

    http://ealldb.ipk-gatersleben.de/861/.

  17. 17.

    http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/databases/gscc.

  18. 18.

    http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/databases/allium.

  19. 19.

    http://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/collections.htm.

  20. 20.

    http://gbis.ipk-gatersleben.de/.

  21. 21.

    http://herbarportal.ipk-gatersleben.de/.

  22. 22.

    www.genesys-pgr.org.

  23. 23.

    https://www.bgci.org.

  24. 24.

    http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/user_upload/online_library/publications/pdfs/FAOBioversity_multi_crop_passport_descriptors_V_2_Final_rev_1526.pdf).

  25. 25.

    http://euralliveg.ipk-gatersleben.de/.

  26. 26.

    http://eurisco.ipk-gatersleben.de.

  27. 27.

    Concerning EU phytosanitary guidelines the following directives are of importance:

    1. 1.

      Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/direct-access.html; 2000, L169),

    2. 2.

      Commission Directive 2008/61/EC of 17 June 2008 establishing the conditions under which certain harmful organisms, plants, plant products and other objects listed in Annexes I–V to Council Directive 2000/29/EC may be introduced into or moved within the Community or certain protected zones thereof, for trial or scientific purposes and for work on varietal selections (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/oj/direct-access.html; 2008, L158/41).

  28. 28.

    For historical reasons, this taxon is still mentioned as Allium ascalonicum in the EU directive, however, this name is invalid because it refers to another species.

  29. 29.

    http://plant-certifie-ail.org/en/index.php.

  30. 30.

    www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/.

  31. 31.

    www.cgiar.org/.

  32. 32.

    http://www.airca.org/.

  33. 33.

    https://avrdc.org/.

  34. 34.

    http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/about-ecpgr/overview/.

  35. 35.

    http://archive-ecpgr.cgiar.org/working_groups/allium.html.

  36. 36.

    http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/working-groups/allium/.

  37. 37.

    https://www.croptrust.org/.

  38. 38.

    http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/aegis/about-aegis/.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions they received from many colleagues working in the field of Allium genetic resources, mentioned in the text. Many of them provided information which added to our knowledge of activities occurring worldwide, especially for the data about their collections. More, in particular, CK wants to thank Dr. F. O. Khassanov for his help with respect to the evaluation of the taxonomic data as presented in Tables 3.5 and 3.8. Furthermore, the authors are also highly appreciative to all the donors of funds who made it possible to conduct projects and to carry out the necessary tasks to manage the precious Allium genetic resources which are conserved globally.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany

    E. R. Joachim Keller

  2. Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Chris Kik

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  1. E. R. Joachim Keller
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Masayoshi Shigyo

  2. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Anil Khar

  3. Laboratory of Molecular Breeding Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan

    Mostafa Abdelrahman

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Keller, E.R.J., Kik, C. (2018). Allium Genetic Resources. In: Shigyo, M., Khar, A., Abdelrahman, M. (eds) The Allium Genomes. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95825-5_3

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