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The ‘Omics’ Approach for Crop Improvement Against Drought Stress

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Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 20))

Abstract

Plants are sessile organisms and are inevitably exposed to various stress factors during their lifetime. Among abiotic stresses, drought is the most prominent which affects plant growth and yield worldwide. To combat with drought, plants have developed various adaptive strategies. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants perceive and transduce stress signals to initiate adaptive responses is of extreme relevance for rational engineering of hardier crop. Crop improvement against drought stress has been particularly enthralling; consequently, the complex drought stress response has been extensively studied in order to understand tolerance mechanisms thoroughly. As conventional breeding strategies for crop improvement approach their limits, agriculture has to adapt novel approaches to meet the demands of an ever-growing world population. Recent technical advances have led to the emergence of high-throughput tools to explore and exploit plant genomes for crop improvement. In this context, the high-throughput ‘-Omics’ era of research has arisen with most propitious perspectives in developing improved varieties. These omics-based approaches aim to decipher the entire genome for gaining insights into plant molecular responses, which will in turn provide specific strategies for crop improvement. The three main omics technologies—genomics , proteomics and metabolomics are aimed at unraveling the overall expression of genes, proteins and metabolites, respectively, in a functionally relevant context. Advances in this area have provided insights into the molecular basis of various fundamental processes involved in plant stress responses and thus opened up new perspectives and opportunities for improving crop plants. In this chapter, how three core ‘-omics’ techniques can be translated to create new crops that are more efficiently adapted to adverse conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi, India

    Deepti Jain & J. P. Khurana

  2. Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Nasheeman Ashraf

  3. Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Janana Bharati Campus, Bangalore, India

    Deepti Jain & M. N. Shiva Kameshwari

Authors
  1. Deepti Jain
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  2. Nasheeman Ashraf
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  3. J. P. Khurana
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  4. M. N. Shiva Kameshwari
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Correspondence to Deepti Jain .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vijay Rani Rajpal

  2. CIMMYT Headquarters, El Batán, Veracruz, Mexico

    Deepmala Sehgal

  3. Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

    Avinash Kumar

  4. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    S.N. Raina

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Jain, D., Ashraf, N., Khurana, J.P., Shiva Kameshwari, M.N. (2019). The ‘Omics’ Approach for Crop Improvement Against Drought Stress. In: Rajpal, V., Sehgal, D., Kumar, A., Raina, S. (eds) Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches, Vol. I. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91956-0_8

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