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Body Image Disturbances in Anorexia Nervosa

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Body Image, Eating, and Weight

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness with largely unknown etiology. It is characterized by disordered eating behaviors leading to extremely low body weight. Body image is also severely distorted in AN so an altered body image is a hallmark of this disorder. Body image has been theorized as a multidimensional construct with attitudinal and perceptual dimensions representing entrenched aspects in determining and evaluating one’s own body size and shape. Body image disturbances play a role as risk, maintaining, and relapse factors in AN. Broadly speaking, the available body of evidence shows that patients with AN overestimate their body sizes when compared to healthy individuals. Also, it remains unclear as to whether the disturbance in body perception refers only to patients’ own body or not. Literature is overall sparse on the neural basis of body image disturbances in AN. However, posterior parietal regions have been linked to perceptive body attitudes while prefrontal and insula regions resulted as mainly involved in affective body attitudes. Also, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor, insular, inferior parietal, fusiform, occipito-temporal and cingulate regions have been found to be involved in body image processing in AN. The available therapeutic approaches for body image in AN showed encouraging results although larger controlled studies are needed to replicate current findings. At now, mainly cognitive behavioral interventions exist, delivered in both individual and group setting also including mirror exposure. Clinical research is warranted since body image disturbances impact also on long-term outcome of AN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eating Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Enrica Marzola & Giovanni Abbate-Daga

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  1. Enrica Marzola
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  2. Giovanni Abbate-Daga
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Correspondence to Giovanni Abbate-Daga .

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  1. Formerly University Sapienza of Rome, Editor-in-Chief of Eating and Weight Disorders, Campiglia Marittima (LI), Italy

    Massimo Cuzzolaro

  2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Torino, Italy

    Secondo Fassino

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Marzola, E., Abbate-Daga, G. (2018). Body Image Disturbances in Anorexia Nervosa. In: Cuzzolaro, M., Fassino, S. (eds) Body Image, Eating, and Weight. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90817-5_8

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