Abstract
This chapter examines intern experiences in the publishing and journalism industries in Toronto, Canada. Presenting findings from ethnographic fieldwork, the chapter shows how the promissory value of meaningful work as an investment in interns' skills and networks facilitates self-exploitation despite low or no wages. Interns recognise, however, that only the privileged can afford unpaid internships. Here, privilege is not necessarily constituted through secure employment or certain futures, but rather through differential access to opportunities for self-appreciation. The paper thus argues that internships exacerbate inequalities perpetuated by the individualization, (re)privatization, and financialisation of social reproduction under neoliberal post-Fordism, which intensifies reliance not only on family resources, but also on debt.
Notes
- 1.
Transcription style: … indicates words have been omitted in a sentence; […] indicates a sentence or more has been omitted; [words in brackets] are inserted to clarify meaning.
References
Adkins, L. (2015). What are post-Fordist wages? Simmel, labour money and the problem of value. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(2), 331–353.
Adkins, L. (2017). Speculative futures in the time of debt. Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.12442
Adkins, L., & Dever, M. (2014). Housework, wages and money: The category of the female principal breadwinner in financial capitalism. Australian Feminist Studies, 29, 50–66.
Allan, K. (2016). Self-appreciation and the value of employability: Integrating un(der)employed immigrants in post-Fordist Canada. In L. Adkins & M. Dever (Eds.), The post-Fordist sexual contract: Working and living in contingency (pp. 49–70). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Allon, F. (2015). Money, debt, and the business of ‘free stuff’. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(2), 283–305.
Bear, L. (2016). Time as technique. Annual Review of Anthropology, 45, 487–502.
Bedard, E. (2014, October 8). Vital signs reports pain a stark picture of youth unemployment across Canada. Rabble.ca. Retrieved from http://rabble.ca/news/2014/10/vital-signs-reports-paintstark-picture-youth-unemployment-across-canada
Bezanson, K. (2006). The neo-liberal state and social reproduction: Gender and household insecurity in the late 1990s. In K. Bezanson & M. Luxton (Eds.), Social reproduction: Feminist political economy challenges neo-liberalism (pp. 173–214). Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press.
Chillas, S., Marks, A., & Galloway, L. (2015). Learning to labour: An evaluation of internships and employability in the ICT sector. New Technology, Work and Employment, 30(1), 1–15.
Cohen, N. S. (2012). Cultural work as a site of struggle: Freelancers and exploitation. tripleC, 10(2), 141–155.
Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. L. (2000). Millennial capitalism: First thoughts on a second coming. In special issue: Millennial capitalism and the culture of neoliberalism. Public Culture, 12(2), 291–343.
Conor, B., Gill, R., & Taylor, S. (2015). Part 1: Introduction. Gender and creative labour. Sociological Review, 63(S1), 1–22.
Corrigan, T. F. (2015). Media and cultural industries internships: A thematic review and digital labour parallels. tripleC, 13(2), 336–350.
De Peuter, G. (2014). Beyond the model worker: Surveying a creative precariat. Culture Unbound, 6, 263–284.
De Peuter, G., Cohen, N. S., & Brophy, E. (2015). Interrogating internships: Unpaid work, creative industries, and higher education. tripleC, 13(2), 329–335.
Discenna, T. A. (2016). The discourses of free labor: Career management, employability, and the unpaid intern. Western Journal of Communication, 80(4), 435–452.
Duffy, B. E. (2016). The romance of work: Gender and aspirational labour in the digital cultural industries. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(4), 441–457.
Feher, M. (2009). Self-appreciation; or, the aspirations of human capital. Public Culture, 21(1), 21–41.
Gershon, I. (2011). Neoliberal agency. Current Anthropology, 52(4), 537–555.
Goar, C. (2013, August 15). Canada’s job numbers don’t tell the real story. Toronto Star. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2013/08/16/canadas_job_numbers_dont_tell_the_real_story_goar.html
Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2011). Creative labour: Media work in three cultural industries. London: Routledge.
Hope, S., & Figiel, J. (2015). Interning and investing: Rethinking unpaid work, social capital, and the “human capital regime”. tripleC, 13(2), 361–374.
Kuehn, K., & Corrigan, T. F. (2013). Hope labor: The role of employment prospects in online social production. The Political Economy of Communication, 1(1), 9–25.
Lee, D. (2015). Internships, workfare, and the cultural industries: A British perspective. tripleC, 13(2), 459–470.
McDowell, L. (2014). The sexual contract, youth, masculinity and the uncertain promise of waged work in austerity Britain. Australian Feminist Studies, 79, 31–49.
McDowell, L. (2016). Youth, children and families in austere times: Change, politics and a new gender contract. Area. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12255
Muehlebach, A., & Shoshan, N. (2012). Introduction. In special Issue: Post-Fordist affect. Anthropological Quarterly, 85(2), 317–343.
Perlin, R. (2012). Intern nation: How to earn nothing and learn little in the brave new economy. London: Verso.
Roberts, A. (2013). Financing social reproduction: The gendered relations of debt and mortgage finance in 21st century America. New Political Economy, 18(1), 21–42.
Rodino-Colocino, M., & Beberick, S. N. (2015). ‘You kind of have to bite the bullet and do bitch work’: How internships teach students to unthink exploitation in public relations. tripleC, 13(2), 486–500.
Ross, A. (2009). Nice work if you can get it: Life and labour in precarious times. New York: New York University Press.
Salamon, E. (2015). (De)valuing intern labour: Journalism internship pay rates and collective representation in Canada. tripleC, 13(2), 438–458.
Shade, L. R., & Jacobson, J. (2015). Hungry for the job: Gender, unpaid internships, and the creative industries. The Sociological Review, 63(S1), 188–205.
Vosko, L. (2006). Precarious employment: Towards an improved understanding of labour market insecurity. In L. Vosko (Ed.), Precarious employment: Understanding labour market insecurity in Canada (pp. 3–42). Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Webb, W. (2015). Ontario interns fight back: Modes of resistance against unpaid internships. tripleC, 13(2), 579–586.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by funding from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The author would like to also thank this volume’s editors and Jessica Taylor for helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Allan, K. (2018). ‘Investment in Me’: Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy. In: Taylor, S., Luckman, S. (eds) The New Normal of Working Lives. Dynamics of Virtual Work. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66037-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66038-7
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)