Abstract
Emissions originating from global shipping traffic were modelled using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), which uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to describe ship traffic activity. The model output can be utilized in regional air quality models on an hourly basis and can also be used to assess the impacts of miscellaneous emission abatement scenarios (e.g., changes of fuel grade, the introduction of scrubbers and slow-steaming scenarios). We present preliminary results on global shipping emissions and activities for the year 2015 and show that the presented results are qualitatively in agreement with the results presented in the 3rd IMO Greenhouse Gas Study. The main challenge for the global emission modelling of shipping is the treatment of the large number of vessels operating globally, for which it is difficult to obtain technical vessel specifications. To address this challenge we propose a solution that includes the use of a web crawler and an algorithm that can be used to complete the missing technical details. Another issue is the sparsity of satellite based AIS-data which makes it necessary to analyse individual route segments and occasionally apply advanced route generation algorithms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
AIS system is globally on-board in every vessel that weighs more than 300 t. The AIS system provides automatic updates of the vessel positions and instantaneous speeds of ships at intervals of a few seconds.
- 2.
IMO GHG3 study is public and available at: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/.
- 3.
For example, information about auxiliary engines is missing.
- 4.
The MSV-search is only applied with the ships that represent the same vessel type. We simply sum the relative differences of length and design speed, weighting them equally.
- 5.
Based on Orbcomm 2015 data. A static AIS-message may contain the physical dimensions of the ship, a ship type classification and cargo information.
- 6.
The vessel’s MMSI number is used as the search keyword. The crawler follows links to e.g., MarineTraffic.com and VesselFinder.com and parses numerical values after identified key words such as ‘Length’ or ‘Breadth’.
- 7.
In such cases the ships are assumed to be generic small boats with a gross tonnage of 300t (Jalkanen et al. 2012).
References
Cherkassky BV, Goldberg AV, Radzik T (1996) Shortest paths algorithms: theory and experimental evaluation. Math Program 73(2):129–174
Jalkanen J-P, Johansson L, Kukkonen J, Brink A, Kalli J, Stipa T (2012) Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Atmos Chem Phys 12:2641–2659
Johansson L, Jalkanen J-P, Kalli J, Kukkonen J (2013) The evolution of shipping emissions and the costs of recent and forthcoming emission regulations in the northern European emission control area. Atmos Chem Phys 13:11375–11389. http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/11375/2013/. doi:10.5194/acp-13-11375-2013, 10.5194/acpd-13-16113-2013
Smith TWP, Jalkanen J-P, Anderson BA, Corbett JJ, Faber J, Hanayama S, O’Keeffe E, Parker S, Johansson L, Aldous L, Raucci C, Traut M, Ettinger S, Nelissen D, Lee DS, Ng S, Agrawal A, Winebrake JJ, Hoen M, Chesworth S, Pandey A (2015) Third IMO GHG study 2014. International Maritime Organization (IMO), London, UK
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Johansson, L., Jalkanen, JP., Kukkonen, J. (2018). A Comprehensive Modelling Approach for the Assessment of Global Shipping Emissions. In: Mensink, C., Kallos, G. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXV. ITM 2016. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_58
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57645-9_58
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57644-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57645-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)