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Genomics and Genetic Engineering in Phytoremediation of Arsenic

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Arsenic Contamination in the Environment

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is one the extremely toxic metalloids that adversely affects health and hence it is categorized under group A human carcinogen. Generally, As-contaminated sites are not remediated due to high cost. Phytoremediation is the process of using plants to treat or clean up contaminated sites and it relies on natural ability of plants to extract, accumulate, or detoxify chemicals from water, soil, and air using energy from sunlight. Over the past several years, significant progress has been made to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of phytoremediation for removal of many hazardous metals from environment. Recent progress in understanding and identification of several genes involved in As uptake, transport, and metabolism in plants led to use of transgenic plants for remediation. Initial experiments of using transgenic plants as a tool to remove As were not promising; however the last decade witnessed a dramatic increase in the reports on the ability of plants to remove/detoxify As. Transgenic plants exploit the natural ability of plants, which rely on uptake of As by roots, transport through vascular system and leaf as a sink to concentrate. An array of genes from different sources including microbes, plants, and animals were successfully used to improve the ability of plants to tolerate, detoxify, and accumulate As. Transgenic plants containing specific genes converted toxic As to other forms that are less harmful. This review examines the recent advances in enhancing phytoremediation through transgenic approach for phytoremediation of As.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bangalore, India

    Sarma Rajeev Kumar

  2. DRDO—BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

    Gowtham Iyappan & Sathishkumar Ramalingam

  3. Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

    Hema Jagadeesan

  4. Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

    Sathishkumar Ramalingam

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  1. Sarma Rajeev Kumar
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  2. Gowtham Iyappan
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  3. Hema Jagadeesan
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  4. Sathishkumar Ramalingam
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Correspondence to Sathishkumar Ramalingam .

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  1. Institute for Radioecology and Radiation Protection (IRS), University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Dharmendra Kumar Gupta

  2. Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam, India

    Soumya Chatterjee

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Kumar, S.R., Iyappan, G., Jagadeesan, H., Ramalingam, S. (2017). Genomics and Genetic Engineering in Phytoremediation of Arsenic. In: Gupta, D., Chatterjee, S. (eds) Arsenic Contamination in the Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54356-7_8

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