Abstract
The profits of universal utilization of pesticides can be evaluated by their presence and fate as persistent organic pollutants in environment. This chapter illustrates an overview of chemical, biological and photo degradation procedures of pesticides in the environmental media and the ultimate fate of degraded products as well as their environmental concerns. Instead of having extensive data on pesticide degradation from regulatory testing agency and research institutions, it is still unclear to predict the exact pathways of pesticide degradation under some specific field conditions. In this chapter, it is reviewed the main technical challenges in doing so and discussed the emergent prospects of identifying pesticide degradation procedures in the field.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
C.A. Damalas, Understanding benefits and risks of pesticide use. Sci. Res. Essay 4(10), 945–949 (2009)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT (2012), faostat.fao.org
A. Grube, D. Donaldson, T. Kiely, L. Wu, in Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage, ed. by US EPA, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (US EPA Publications warehouse, Washington, DC, 2011).
EPA, What is a pesticide? http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/about/. Accessed 16 July 2012
A. Agrawal, R.S. Pandey, B. Sharma, Water pollution with special reference to pesticide contamination in India. J. Water Res. Protect. 2, 432–448 (2010)
K. Fenner, S. Canonica, L.P. Wackett, M. Elsner, Evaluating pesticide degradation in the environment: blind spots and emerging opportunities. Science 341(6147), 752–758 (2013)
H. Bartel et al., Wasserwirtschaft in Deutschland. Teil 1, Grundlagen (Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Dessau-Rosslau, 2010)
R.J. Gilliom et al., in The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters—Pesticides in the Nation’s Streams and Ground Water, 1992–2001, ed. by U. S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS Publications warehouse, Reston, 2006).
S. Huntscha, H. Singer, S. Canonica, R.P. Schwarzenbach, K. Fenner, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 5507–5513 (2008)
P.B. Kurt-Karakus, C. Teixeira, J. Small, D. Muir, T.F. Bidleman, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 30, 1539–1548 (2011)
M. Gavrilescu, Review – fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation. Eng. Life Sci. 5(6), 497–526 (2005)
R.C. Kuhard, A.K. Johri, A. Singh, O.P. Ward, in Soil Biology, Applied bioremediation and phytoremediation, ed. by A. A. Singh, O. P. Ward. Bioremediation of pesticide contaminated soils, vol l (Springer, Heidelberg, 2004), pp. 35–54
W. Chen, A. Mulchandani, M.A. Deshusses, Environmental biotechnology: challenges and opportunities for chemical engineers. AICHE J. 51, 690–695 (2005)
O.P. Ward, A. Singh, in Soil Biology, Applied bioremediation and phytoremediation, ed. by A. Singh, O. P. Ward. Soil bioremediation and phytoremediation – an overview, vol 1 (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2004), pp. 1–12
Z. Aksu, Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: a review. Process Biochem. 40, 997–1026 (2005)
R. Atkinson et al., Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere: a state of the art. Water A S P 115(1–4), 219–243 (1999)
J.J. Kells, C.E. Riek, R.L. Belvins, W.M. Muir, Atrazine dissipation as affected by surface pH and tillage. Weed Sci. 1980(28), 101–104 (1980)
A. Moreale, R. van Bladel, Behavior of 2,4-D in Belgian soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1980(9), 627–633 (1980)
S.M. Zhang, D.S. Liu, Z.S. Wang, X.F. Ma, A kinetic model describing the effect of temperature on the loss rate of pesticides in soil. Ecol. Model. 70, 115–126 (1993)
R.-V. Roman, M. Gavrilescu, Transfer Phenomena in Bioprocesses (Dosoftei Press, Iasi, 1997)
Y.R. Li. A GIS-aided integrated modeling system for simulating agricultural nonpoint source pollution, Master Thesis, University of Regina, (2001)
L.T. Ou, D.H. Gancaiz, W.B. Wheeler, P.S.C. Rao, J.M. Davidson, Influence of soil temperature and soil moisture on degradation and metabolism of carbofuran in soils. J. Environ. Qual. 11, 293–298 (1982)
J. Foght, T. April, K. Biggar, J. Aisabie, Bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soils: a review. Bioremediation J. 5, 225–246 (2001)
V. Becaert, M. Beaulien, J. Gagnon, R. Vielemur, L. Deschenes, R. Samson, Development of a microbial consortium from a contami- nated soil that degrades pentachlorophenol and wood-preserving oil. Bioremediation J. 5, 183–192 (2001)
M. Waldman, Y. Shevah, Biodegradation and leaching of pollutants: monitoring aspects. Pure Appl. Chem. 65, 1595–1603 (1993)
F. Whitford, J. Wolt, H. Nelson, M. Barrett, S. Brichford, R. Turco, Pesticides and Water Quality Principles, Policies and Programs (Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, West Lafayette, 1995)
J.B. Walsh, A feasibility study of bioremediation in a highly organic soil, Master of Science Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1999
A. Singh, P.O. Ward, in Soil Biology, Biodegradation and bioremediation, ed. by A. Singh, P. O. Ward. Biotechnology and bioremediation – an overview, vol 2 (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2004), pp. 1–18
E. Diaz, Bacterial degradation of aromatic pollutants: a paradigm of metabolic versatility. Intern. Microbiol. 7, 173–180 (2004)
Boettcher G, Nyer EK, In Situ Treatment Technology, ed. by E. Nyer, et al. In situ bioremediation (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001)
S. Suthersan, Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001)
J.D. van Hamme, in Soil Biology, Biodegradation and bioremediation, ed. by A. Singh, O. P. Ward. Bioavailability and biodegradation of organic pollutants – a microbial perspective, vol 2 (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2004), pp. 37–56
M. Dua, A. Singh, N. Sethunathan, A. Johri, Biotechnology and bioremediation: successes and limitations. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 59, 142–152 (2002)
G.M. Klecka, in Environmental Exposure from Chemicals, ed. by W. B. Neely, G. E. Blau. Biodegradation (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985)
L.P. Wackett, C.D. Hershberger, Biocatalysis and Biodegradation: Microbial Transformation of Organic Compounds (ASM Press, Washington DC, 2001)
L. Wackett, M. Sadowsky, B. Martinez, N. Shapir, Biodegradation of atrazine and related s-triazine compounds: from enzymes to field studies. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 58(1), 39–45 (2002)
B. Jochimsen, S. Lolle, F.R. McSorley, M. Nabi, J. Stougaard, D.L. Zechel, B. Hove-Jensen, Five phosphonate operon gene products as components of a multi-subunit complex of the carbon-phosphorus lyase pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108(28), 11393–11398 (2011)
T. Zeng, Y.P. Chin, W.A. Arnold, Potential for abiotic reduction of pesticides in prairie pothole porewaters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46(6), 3177–3187 (2012)
W.B. Neely, in Environmental Exposure from Chemicals, ed. by W. B. Neely, G. E. Blau. Hydrolysis (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985)
J.C. Xu, J.W. Stucki, J. Wu, J.E. Kostka, G.K. Sims, Fate of atrazine and alachlor in redox-treated ferruginous smectite. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20(12), 2717–2724 (2001)
A.R. Loch, K.A. Lippa, D.L. Carlson, Y.P. Chin, S.J. Traina, A.L. Roberts, Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions of propachlor, alachlor, and metolachlor with bisulfide (HS-) and polysulfides (Sn2-). Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(19), 4065–4073 (2002)
K.A. Barrett, M.B. McBride, Oxidative degradation of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonate by manganese oxide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39(23), 9223–9228 (2005)
S.J. Larson, P.D. Capel, M.S. Majewski, in Pesticides in Surface Waters – Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors, ed. by R. J. Gilliom. Series of Pesticides in the hydrologic system, vol 3 (Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, 1997).
W.B. Mills, D.B. Porcella, M.J. Ungs, S.A. Gherini, K.V. Summers, L. Mok, et al., Water Quality Assessments: A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, Parts 1, 2, and 3, EPA-600/f6-82-004a, b, c (US EPA, Washington DC, 1985)
H.D. Burrows, L.M. Canle, J.A. Santaballa, S. Steenken, Reaction pathways and mechanisms of photodegradation of pesticides. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 67(2), 71 (2002). doi:10.1016/S1011-1344(02)00277-4
J. Hoigné, W. Stumm, ed. Reaction rates of processes in natural waters, in Aquatic Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates of Processes in Natural Waters (Wiley, New York, 1990). ISBN 978-0-471-51029-1
T. Mill, W. Mabey, in Environmental Exposure form Chemicals, ed. by W. B. Neely, G. E. Blau. Photochemical transformations (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985)
H.L. Ortiz, S.E. Sánchez, G.E. Dantán, G.L. Castrejón. Pesticide biodegradation: mechanisms, genetics and strategies to enhance the process, in Biodegradation – Life of Science, ed. by Dr. R. Chamy (InTech, 2013). doi: 10.5772/56098
P. Besse-Hoggan, T. Alekseeva, M. Sancelme, A. Delort, C. Forano, Atrazine biodegradation modulated by clays and clay/humic acid complexes. Environ. Pollut. 157(10), 2837–2844 (2009)
A. Tiktak, J.D. Piiieros Garcet, D.S. de Nie, M. Vanclooster, A. Jones, Assessment of pesticide leaching at the pan-European level using a spatially distribution model. Proceedings of the Diffuse Pollution and Basin Management Conf., Dublin, Aquatic Ecology and Dangerous Substances Section, 17–22 Aug 2003
S. Kleineidam, H. Rugner, P. Grathwohl, Desorption kinetics of phenanthrene in aquifer material lacks hysteresis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4169–4175 (2004)
R.G. Nash, E.H. Woolson, Persistence of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in Soils (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1967)
E.A. Kerle, J.J. Jenkins, P.A. Vogue, Understanding pesticide persistence and mobility for groundwater and surface water protection, Report EM 8561 (Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis, 1996
B.K. Singh, A. Walker, Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 30(3), 428–471 (2006)
F. Worrall, M. Fernandez-Perez, A. Johnson, F. Flores-Cesperedes, E. Gonzalez-Pradas, Limitations on the role of incorporated organic matter in reducing pesticide leaching. J. Contam. Hydrol. 49, 241–262 (2001)
L.P. Padhye, J.H. Kim, C.H. Huang, Oxidation of dithiocarbamates to yield N-nitrosamines by water disinfection oxidants. Water Res. 47(2), 725–736 (2013)
R.J. Gilliom, J.E. Barbash, C.G. Crawford, P.A. Hamilton, J.D. Martin, N. Nakagaki, L.H. Nowell, J.C. Scott, P.E. Stackelberg, G.P. Thelin, D.M. Wolock, Pesticides in the Nation’s Streams and Ground Water, 1992–2001 (U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291, 2006), 172 p
H. Bartel, U. Irmer, Water Resource Management in Germany (Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Dessau-Rosslau, 2010)
S. Kilchmann, M. Reinhardt, M. Schürch, D. Traber, Ergebnisse der Grundwasserbeobachtung Schweiz (NAQUA). Zustand und Entwicklung 2004–2006 (Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), Bern, 2009)
P.B. Kurt-Karakus, C. Teixeira, J. Small, D. Muir, T.F. Bidleman, Current-use pesticides in Ontario Inland Lakes, precipitation, air and zooplankton samples. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 30, 1539–1548 (2011)
D.C.G. Muir, C. Teixeira, F. Wania, Empirical and modeling evidence of regional atmospheric transport of current-use pesticides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 2421–2432 (2004)
F. Malaguerra, H.-J. Albrechtsen, L. Thorling, P.J. Binning, Pesticides in water supply wells in Zealand, Denmark: a statistical analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 414, 433–444 (2012)
G. Nath, S. Agnihotri, Removal of endosulfan from bitter gourds by home processings. Pesticides 18(8), 13–15 (1984)
M. Miyahara, Y. Saito, Effects of the processing steps in tofu production on pesticide residues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42(2), 369–373 (1994)
A.E. Marei, M.M. Khattab, A.H. Mansee, M.M. Youssef, M.R. Montasser, Analysis and dissipation of deltamethrin in stored wheat and milled fractions. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 16(2), 275–291 (1995)
A.A.K. Abou-Arab, Effects of processing and storage of dairy products on lindane residues and metabolites. Food Chem. 64, 467–473 (1999a)
A.A.K. Abou-Arab, Behavior of pesticides in tomatoes during commercial and home preparation. Food Chem. 65, 509–514 (1999b)
V.V. Krishnamurthy, U.S. Sreeramulu, Studies on rice bran and rice bran oil. VI. Pesticides accumulation in the rice bran. Madras Agric. J. 69(12), 820–821 (1982)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Al-Mamun, A. (2017). Pesticide Degradations, Residues and Environmental Concerns. In: Khan, M., Rahman, M. (eds) Pesticide Residue in Foods. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-52681-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-52683-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)