Abstract
The chapter discusses physics of the mind, a mathematical theory of higher cognition developed from the first principles, including concepts, emotions, instincts, the knowledge instinct, and aesthetic emotions leading to understanding of the emotions of the beautiful. The chapter briefly discusses neurobiological grounds as well as difficulties encountered by previous attempts at mathematical modeling of the mind encountered since the 1950s. The mathematical descriptions are complemented with detailed conceptual discussions so the content of the chapter can be understood without necessarily following mathematical details. Formulation of dynamic logic in terms of monotone Boolean functions outlines a possible future direction of research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Mathematically, the condition that the object m is present with 100 % certainty, is expressed by normalization condition: \(\int \mathrm{l(X | m) dX = 1}\). We should also mention another normalization condition: \(\int \mathrm{l(X(n)) dX(n) = 1}\), which expresses the fact that, if a signal is received, some object or objects are present with 100 % certainty.
References
Aristotle. (1995a). The complete works. The revised Oxford translation, ed. J. Barnes, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Original work VI BCE.
Aristotle. (1995b). Organon. The complete works. The revised Oxford translation, ed. J. Barnes, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Original work VI BCE, 18a28-19b4; 1011b24-1012a28.
Aronson, E. and Carlsmith, J. M. (1963). Effect of the severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior. J Abnor Soc Psych 66, 584–588.
Badre, D. (2008). Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro–caudal organization of the frontal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(5), 193–200.
Ball, P. (2008). Facing the music. Nature, 453, 160–162.
Bar, M.; Kassam, K.S.; Ghuman, A.S.; Boshyan, J.; Schmid, A.M.; Dale, A.M.; Hämäläinen, M.S.; Marinkovic, K.; Schacter, D.L.; Rosen, B.R.; et al. (2006). Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 449–454.
Barsalou L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behav. Brain Sci. 22:577–660.
Binder, J.R., Westbury, C.F., McKiernan, K.A., Possing, E.T., & Medler, D.A. (2005).Distinct Brain Systems for Processing Concrete and Abstract Concepts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17(6), 1–13.
Bonniot-Cabanac, M.-C., Cabanac, M., Fontanari, F., and Perlovsky, L.I. (2012). Instrumentalizing cognitive dissonance emotions. Psychology 3, 1018–1026.
Brighton, H., Smith, K., & Kirby, S. (2005). Language as an evolutionary system. Phys. Life Rev., 2005, 2(3), 177–226.
Cangelosi A. & Parisi D., Eds. (2002). Simulating the Evolution of Language. London: Springer.
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Christiansen, M. H., & Kirby, S. (2003). Language evolution. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Cooper, J. (2007). Cognitive dissonance: 50 years of a classic theory. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Cramer, H. (1946). Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.
Croft, W. & Cruse, D.A. (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cross, I., & Morley, I. (2008). The evolution of music: theories, definitions and the nature of the evidence. In S. Malloch, & C. Trevarthen (Eds.), Communicative musicality (pp. 61-82). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cussens, J., Frisch, A. (2000). Inductive Logic Programming, Springer.
Deacon, T.W. (1997). The symbolic species: the co-evolution of language and the brain. New York: Norton.
Editorial. (2008). Bountiful noise. Nature, 453, 134.
Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gnadt, W. & Grossberg, S. (2008). SOVEREIGN: An autonomous neural system for incrementally learning planned action sequences to navigate towards a rewarded goal. Neural Networks, 21(5), 699–758.
Gödel, K. (2001). Collected Works, Volume I, Publications 1929–1936. Feferman, S., Dawson, J.W., Jr., Kleene, S.C., Eds.; Oxford University Press: New York, NY.
Grossberg, S. (1988) Nonlinear neural networks: Principles, mechanisms, and architectures. Neural Networks, 1, 17–61.
Grossberg, S. (2000). Linking Mind to Brain: the mathematics of biological intelligence. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 471361–1372.
Grossberg, S. & Levine, D.S. (1987). Neural dynamics of attentionally modulated Pavlovian conditioning: blocking, inter-stimulus interval, and secondary reinforcement. Psychobiology, 15(3), 195–240.
Hameroff, S. & Penrose, R. (2014). Consciousness in the universe. A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory. Physics of Life Reviews, 11, 39–78.
Hansel, G., Sur le nombre des fonctions Boolenes monotones den variables. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, v. 262, n. 20, 1088–1090, 1966.
Harmon-Jones, E., Amodio, D. M., and HarmonJones,C. (2009). “Action-based model of dissonance: a review, integration, and expansion ofconceptions of cognitive conflict,” in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, M. P. Zanna (Burlington, MA: Academic Press), 119–166.
Hauser, M.D., Chomsky, N., & Fitch, W. T. (2002). The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?” Science, 298(5988), 1569–1579. doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569.
Hilbert, D. (1928). The Foundations of Mathematics. In J. van Heijenoort, Ed., From Frege to Gödel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967, p. 475.
Hodges, W. (2005a). Model Theory, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory/#Modelling.
Hodges, W. (2005b). First-order Model Theory, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/modeltheory-fo/.
Hurford, J. (2008). The evolution of human communication and language. In P. D’Ettorre & D. Hughes, Eds. Sociobiology of communication: an interdisciplinary perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 249–264.
Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution, Oxford Univ Pr., New York, NY.
Jarcho, J. M., Berkman, E. T., & Lieberman, M. D. (2011). The neural basis of rationalization: cognitive dissonance reduction during decision-making. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 6(4), 460–467.
Josephson, B. 1997. An Integrated Theory of Nervous System Functioning embracing Nativism and Constructivism. International Complex Systems Conference. Nashua, NH.
Juslin, P.N. (2013). From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: Towards a unified theory of musical emotions. Physics of Life Reviews, 10(3), 235–266.
Juslin, P.N. & Västfjäll, D. (2008) Emotional responses to music: The Need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(05), 559–575.
Kant, I. (1781). Critique of Pure Reason.Tr. J.M.D. Meiklejohn, 1943. Willey Book, New York, NY.
Kant, I. (1790). Critique of Judgment, Tr. J.H.Bernard, Macmillan & Co., London, 1914.
Katerinochkina, N. N. (1981). Search for the maximal upper zero for a class of monotone functions of $k$-valued logic. (Russian) Zh. Vychisl. Mat. i Mat. Fiz. 21(2), 470–481, 527.
Katerinochkina, N. N. (1989). Efficient realization of algorithms for searching for a maximal zero of discrete monotone functions, Reports in Applied Mathematics, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vychisl. Tsentr, Moscow, 16(2), 178–206 (in Russian).
Koelsch, S. (2011). Towards a neural basis of processing musical semantics. Physics of Life Reviews, 8(2), 89–105.
Korobkov V.K. (1965). On monotone Boolean functions of algebra logic, In Problemy Cybernetiki, v.13, “Nauka” Publ., Moscow, 5–28, (in Russian).
Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and Brain. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Kovalerchuk, B. (1973). Classification invariant to coding of objects. Computational Systems (Novosibirsk), 55, 90–97 (in Russian).
Kovalerchuk, B., Triantaphyllou, E., Aniruddha, S. Deshpande, S. Vityaev, E. (1996). Interactive learning of monotone Boolean functions. 94 (1–4), 87–118.
Kovalerchuk, B., Lavkov, V. (1984). Retrieval of the maximum upper zero for minimizing the number of attributes in regression analysis. USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 24 (4), 170–175.
Kovalerchuk, B. & Perlovsky, L.I. (2008). Dynamic Logic of Phenomena and Cognition. IJCNN 2008, Hong Kong, pp. 3530–3537.
Kovalerchuk, B. & Perlovsky, L.I. (2009). Dynamic Logic of Phenomena and Cognition. IJCNN 2009, Atlanta, GA.
Kovalerchuk, B. & Perlovsky, L.I.. (2011). Integration of Geometric and Topological Uncertainties for Geospatial Data Fusion and Mining. Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR), IEEE. doi:10.1109/AIPR.2011.6176346.
Kovalerchuk, B., Perlovsky, L., & Wheeler, G. (2012). Modeling of Phenomena and Dynamic Logic of Phenomena. Journal of Applied Non-classical Logics, 22(1), 51–82. arXiv:abs/1012.5415.
Kovalerchuk, B., Vityaev E. (2000). Data Mining in Finance: Advances in Relational and Hybrid Methods, Kluwer.
Krantz, D. H., Luce, R. D., Suppes, P., Tversky, A. (1971–1990). Foundations of Measurement. New York, London: Academic Press.
Kveraga, K., Boshyan, J., & Bar, M. (2007) Magnocellular projections as the trigger of top-down facilitation in recognition. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 13232–13240.
Levine, D.S., Perlovsky, L.I. (2008). Neuroscientific Insights on Biblical Myths: Simplifying Heuristics versus Careful Thinking: Scientific Analysis of Millennial Spiritual Issues. Zygon, Journal of Science and Religion, 43(4), 797–821.
Levine, D.S. & Perlovsky, L.I. (2010). Emotion in the pursuit of understanding. International Journal of Synthetic Emotions, 1(2), 1–11.
Malcev, A.I. (1973). Algebraic Systems. Springer-Verlag.
Masataka, N. & Perlovsky, L.I. (2012). The efficacy of musical emotions provoked by Mozart’s music for the reconciliation of cognitive dissonance. Scientific Reports 2, Article number: 694. doi:10.1038/srep00694; http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130619/srep02028/full/srep02028.html.
Masataka, N. & Perlovsky, L.I. (2013). Cognitive interference can be mitigated by consonant music and facilitated by dissonant music. Scientific Reports 3, Article number: 2028 (2013). doi:10.1038/srep02028; http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130619/srep02028/full/srep02028.html.
Minsky, M. (1988). The Society of Mind. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Mitchell, T. (1997). Machine Learning, McGraw Hill.
Newell, A. (1983). Intellectual Issues in the History of Artificial Intelligence. In the Study of Information, ed. F.Machlup & U.Mansfield, J.Wiley, New York, NY.
Newman, M. E. J. (2005). Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf’s law. Contemporary physics, 46(5), 2005, 323–351.
Novak. J. D. (2010). Learning, Creating, and Using Knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations. Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, 6(3), 21–30.
Penrose, R. (1994). Shadows of the Mind. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Perlovsky, L.I. (1996). Gödel Theorem and Semiotics. Proceedings of the Conference on Intelligent Systems and Semiotics ’96. Gaithersburg, MD, v.2, pp. 14–18.
Perlovsky, L.I.(1997). Physical Concepts of Intellect. Proc. Russian Academy of Sciences, 354(3), pp. 320–323.
Perlovsky, L.I. (1998). Conundrum of Combinatorial Complexity. IEEE Trans. PAMI, 20(6) p. 666–70.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2001). Neural Networks and Intellect: using model-based concepts. Oxford University Press, New York, NY (3rd printing).
Perlovsky, L.I. (2002). Aesthetics and mathematical theories of intellect. Iskusstvoznanie, 2/02, 558–594 (Russian).
Perlovsky, L.I. (2004). Integrating Language and Cognition. IEEE Connections, Feature Article, 2(2), pp. 8–12.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2006). Toward Physics of the Mind: Concepts, Emotions, Consciousness, and Symbols. Phys. Life Rev. 3(1), pp. 22–55.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2007a). Neural Dynamic Logic of Consciousness: the Knowledge Instinct. Chapter in Neurodynamics of Higher-Level Cognition and Consciousness, Eds.Perlovsky, L.I., Kozma, R. ISBN 978-3-540-73266-2, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 73–108.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2007b). Evolution of Languages, Consciousness, and Cultures. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 2(3), pp. 25–39.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2008a). Sapience, Consciousness, and the Knowledge Instinct. (Prolegomena to a Physical Theory). In Sapient Systems, Eds. Mayorga, R. Perlovsky, L.I., Springer, London, pp. 33–60.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2009a). Language and Cognition.Neural Networks, 22(3), 247–257. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.007.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2009b). Language and Emotions: Emotional Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Neural Networks, 22(5–6); 518–526. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.06.034.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2009c). ‘Vague-to-Crisp’ Neural Mechanism of Perception. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 20(8), 1363–1367.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2010a). Musical emotions: Functions, origin, evolution. Physics of Life Reviews, 7(1), 2–27. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2009.11.001.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2010b). Neural Mechanisms of the Mind, Aristotle, Zadeh, & fMRI, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 21(5), 718–33.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2010c). Intersections of Mathematical, Cognitive, and Aesthetic Theories of Mind, Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(1), 11–17. doi:10.1037/a0018147.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2010d). The Mind is not a Kludge, Skeptic, 15(3), 51–55.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2012a). Cognitive function, origin, and evolution of musical emotions. Musicae Scientiae, 16(2), 185–199; doi:10.1177/1029864912448327.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2012b). Cognitive Function of Music, Part I. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 37(2), 129–42.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2012c). Brain: conscious and unconscious mechanisms of cognition, emotions, and language. Brain Sciences, Special Issue “The Brain Knows More than It Admits”, 2(4):790–834. http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/2/4/790.
Perlovsky L. I. (2012d). Cognitive Function of Music Part I. Interdisc. Science Rev, 7(2),129–42.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2013a). A challenge to human evolution—cognitive dissonance. Front. Psychol. 4:179. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00179; http://www.frontiersin.org/cognitive_science/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00179/full.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2013b). Language and cognition—joint acquisition, dual hierarchy, and emotional prosody. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7:123; doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00123; http://www.frontiersin.org/Behavioral_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00123/full.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2013c). Learning in brain and machine—complexity, Gödel, Aristotle. Frontiers in Neurorobotics. doi:10.3389/fnbot.2013.00023; http://www.frontiersin.org/Neurorobotics/10.3389/fnbot.2013.00023/full.
Perlovsky, L.I. (2014a). Aesthetic emotions, what are their cognitive functions? Front. Psychol. 5:98. http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00098/full; doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.0009.
Perlovsky, L. I., Bonniot-Cabanac, M.-C., Cabanac, M. (2010). Curiosity and Pleasure. WebmedCentral PSYCHOLOGY 2010;1(12):WMC001275. http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1275; http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1010/1010.3009.pdf.
Perlovsky, L.I., Cabanac, A., Bonniot-Cabanac, M-C., Cabanac, M. (2013). Mozart Effect, Cognitive Dissonance, and the Pleasure of Music; Behavioural Brain Research, 244, 9–14. arXiv:1209.4017.
Perlovsky, L.I., Deming R.W., & Ilin, R. (2011). Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications. Dynamic Logic: from vague to crisp. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
Perlovsky, L.I. & Ilin R. (2010). Grounded Symbols in The Brain, Computational Foundations for Perceptual Symbol System. WebmedCentral PSYCHOLOGY 2010;1(12):WMC001357
Perlovsky, L.I. & Ilin, R. (2012). Mathematical Model of Grounded Symbols: Perceptual Symbol System. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 2, 195–220. doi:10.4236/jbbs.2012.22024; http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbbs/.
Perlovsky, L.I. & McManus, M.M. (1991). Maximum Likelihood Neural Networks for Sensor Fusion and Adaptive Classification. Neural Networks, 4(1), pp. 89–102.
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: William Morrow.
Price, C.J. (2012). A review and synthesis of the first 20 years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading. NeuroImage, 62, 816–847.
Raedt, Luc De. (2006). From Inductive Logic Programming to Multi-Relational Data Mining. Springer.
Rus, T., Rus, D. L. (1990). System Software and Software Systems: Concepts And Methodology—V.1: Systems Methodology for Software, http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/351353.html.
Russell, B. (1967). The History of Western Philosophy. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone, New York, NY.
Samokhvalov, K. (1973). On theory of empirical prediction, Computational Systems (Novosibirsk), 55, 3–35 (in Russian).
Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity. Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects American Psychologist, 55(1), 151–158.
Singer, R.A., Sea, R.G. and Housewright, R.B. (1974). Derivation and Evaluation of Improved Tracking Filters for Use in Dense Multitarget Environments, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-20, pp. 423–432.
Scherer, K.R. (2004). Which emotions can be induced by music? what are the underlying mechanisms? and how can we measure them? Journal of New Music Research, 33(3), 239–251; doi:10.1080/0929821042000317822.
Tversky, A., Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131.
Vityaev, E.E., Perlovsky, L.I., Kovalerchuk, B.Y., Speransky, S.O. (2011). Probabilistic dynamic logic of the mind and cognition, Neuroinformatics, 5(1), 1–20.
Vityaev, E.E., Perlovsky, L.I., Kovalerchuk, B. Y., & Speransky, S.O. (2013). Probabilistic dynamic logic of cognition. Invited Article. Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 6, 159–168.
Zeki, S. (1993). A Vision of the Brain. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Zentner, M., Grandjean, D., Scherer, K. R. (2008). Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion, 8(4), 494–521.
Acknowledgements
It is my pleasure to thank people whose thoughts helped to develop ideas in this chapter, Moshe Bar, Boris Kovalerchuk, Evgeny Vityaev.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Perlovsky, L.I. (2017). Physics of the Mind, Dynamic Logic, and Monotone Boolean functions. In: Kreinovich, V. (eds) Uncertainty Modeling. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 683. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51052-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51052-1_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51051-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51052-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)