Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distillery Wastewater: A Major Source of Environmental Pollution and Its Biological Treatment for Environmental Safety

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Distillery industries are one of the major sources of environmental pollution because these industries discharge a huge volume of dark-colored wastewater into the environment. The wastewater discharged contains high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), sulfate, phosphate, phenolics, and toxic heavy metals. On terrestrial region, distillery wastewater at higher concentration inhibits seed germination, growth and depletion of vegetation by reducing the soil alkalinity and Mn availability, whereas in aquatic region, it reduces sunlight penetration and decreases both photosynthetic activity and dissolved oxygen content damaging the aquatic ecosystem. The large volume of dark-colored wastewater acts as a major source of soil and water pollution and thus requires adequate treatment for its safe discharge into the environment. Therefore, the removal of pollutants and color from distillery wastewater is becoming increasingly important for the environment and sustainable development. Thus, this chapter provides the detailed information on the generation, characteristic, toxicity as well as various biological methods employing bacteria, fungi, microalgae, etc. for the treatment of distillery wastewater. In biological treatment approaches microalgae have a number of applications over the conventional approaches as it is useful in wastewater treatment, CO2 sequestration, cost-effective, sanitation and also in the production of renewable energy sources such as methane gas, biodiesel, biofuel, glycerol, hydrogen gas, biofertilizers, etc. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of existing processes have been also summarized in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Afify AS, Mahmoud MA, Emara HA et al (2009) Phenolic compounds and COD removal from olive mill wastewater by chemical and biological procedures. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 3:1087–1095

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal CS, Pandey GS (1994) Soil pollution by spent wash discharge: depletion of manganese (II) and impairment of its oxidation. J Environ Biol 15:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal R, Lata S, Gupta M et al (2010) Removal of melanoidin present in distillery effluent as a major colorant: a review. J Environ Biol 31:521–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Arimi MM, Zhang Y, Götz G et al (2014) Antimicrobial colorants in molasses distillery wastewater and their removal technologies. Int Biodeter Biodegr 87:34–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arimi MM, Zhang Y, Geißen S-U (2015) Color removal of melanoidin-rich industrial effluent by natural manganese oxides. Sep Purif Technol 150:286–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balat M, Balat H (2009) Recent trends in global production and utilization of bioethanol fuel. Appl Energy 86:2273–2282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldrian P (2006) Fungal laccases—occurrence and properties. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:215–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartling B, Rehbein G, Somoza V et al (2005) Maillard reaction product-rich foods impair cell proliferation and induce cell death in vitro. Signal Transduct 5:303–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battimelli A, Loisel D, Garcia-Bernet D et al (2010) Combined ozone pretreatment and biological processes for removal of colored and biorefractory compounds in wastewater from molasses fermentation industries. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:968–975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekedam EK, Schols HA, van Boekel MAJS et al (2006) High molecular weight melanoidins from coffee brew. J Agric Food Chem 54:7658–7666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekedam EK, De Laat MP, Schols HA et al (2007) Arabinogalactan proteins are incorporated in negatively charged coffee brew melanoidins. J Agric Food Chem 55:761–768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekedam EK, Roos E, Schols HA et al (2008) Low molecular weight melanoidins in coffee brew. J Agric Food Chem 56:4060–4067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beltran FJ, Alvarez PM, Rodriguez EM et al (2001) Treatment of high strength distillery wastewater (cherry stillage) by integrated aerobic biological oxidation and ozonation. Biotechnol Prog 17(3):462–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benito GG, Miranda MP, Santo DR (1997) Decolorization of wastewater from an alcoholic fermentation process with Trametes versicolour. Bioresour Technol 61:33–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg C (2004) World fuel ethanol analysis and outlook. www.distill.com/World-Fuel-Ethanol-A&O-2004.html. Accessed 10 July 2006

  • Bharagava RN, Chandra R (2010) Biodegradation of the major color containing compounds in distillery wastewater by an aerobic bacterial culture and characterization of their metabolites. Biodegradation 21:703–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bharagava RN, Chandra R (2011) Effect of bacteria treated and untreated post-methanated distillery effluent (PMDE) on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase activity in Phaseolus mungo L. J Hazard Mater 180:730–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billore SK, Singh N, Ram HK et al (2001) Treatment of molasses based distillery effluent in a constructed wetland in central India. Water Sci Technol 44(11–12):441–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Boer CG, Obici L, De Souza CGM et al (2006) Purification and some properties of Mn peroxidase from Lentinula edodes. Process Biochem 41:1203–1207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borrelli RC, Mennella C, Barba F et al (2003) Characterization of coloured compounds obtained by enzymatic extraction of bakery products. Food Chem Toxicol 41:1367–1374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bustamante MA, Paredes C, Moral R (2005) Uses of winery and distillery effluents in agriculture: characterisation of nutrient and hazardous components. Sustain Viticult Winery Wastes Manag 51:145–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammerer B, Jalyschkov V, Kroh LW (2002) Carbohydrate structures as part of the melanoidin skeleton. Int Congr Ser 1245:269–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (1994) http://www.cpcb.nic.in/dec942.htm. Accessed 21 July 2006

  • Chandra R (2004) Development of microorganism for removal of colour from anaerobically treated distillery effluent. Final Technical Report submitted to Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra R, Chowdhary P (2015) Properties of bacterial laccases and their application in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Evnviron Sci Process Impacts 17:326–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra R, Bharagava RN, Rai V (2008) Melanoidins as major colourant in sugarcane molasses based distillery effluent and its degradation. Bioresour Technol 99:4648–46601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary R, Arora M (2011) Study on distillery effluent: chemical analysis and impact on environment. Int Adv Eng Technol 2(2):352–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary AK, Kumar S, Sharma C (2011) Organic load removal from paper mill wastewater using green technology. In: Vth World Aqua Congress 103–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhary P, et al (2016) Role of laccase enzyme in bioremediation of industrial wastes and its biotechnological application. In: Bharagava RN, Saxena G (eds) Bioremediation of industrial pollutants. Write and Print Publication, Delhi. pp 307–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Coca M, Pena M, Gonzalez G (2005) Chemical oxidation processes for decolorization of brown colored molasses wastewater. Ozone: Sci Eng 27:365–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosovic B, Vojvodic V, Boskovic N (2010) Characterization of natural and synthetic humic substances (melanoidins) by chemical composition and adsorption measurements. Org Geochem 41:200–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahiya J, Singh D, Nigam P (2001) Decolorization of synthetic and spentwash melanoidins using the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium JAG-40. Bioresour Technol 78:95–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai J, Mumper RJ (2010) Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 15:7313–7352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Wilde FGN (1987) Demineralization of a molasses distillery wastewater. Desalination 67:481–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dec J, Bollag JM (1994) Use of plant material for the decontamination of water polluted with phenols. Biotechnol Bioeng 44(9):1132–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dehorter B, Blondeau R (1993) Isolation of an extracellular Mn-dependent enzyme mineralizing melanoidins from the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 109(1):117–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duff SJ, Moritz JW, Andersen KL (1994) Simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of pulp mill primary clarifier sludge. Can J Chem Eng 72(6):1013–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evershed RP, Bland HA, Van Bergen PF et al (1997) Volatile compounds in archaeological plant remains and the Maillard reaction during decay of organic matter. Science 278(5337):432–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farhadian M, Borghei M, Umrania VV (2007) Treatment of beet sugar wastewater by UAFB bioprocess. Bioresour Technol 98(16):3080–3083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitz Gibbon F, Singh D, McMullan G (1998) The effect of phenolics acids and molasses spent wash concentration on distillery wastewater remediation by fungi. Process Biochem 33:799–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadre RV, Godbole SH (1986) Treatment of distillery waste water by up flow anaerobic filter. Indian J Environ Health 28:54–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh M, Ganguli A, Tripathi AK (2002) Treatment of anaerobically digested molasses spent wash in a two-stage bioreactor using Pseudomonas putida and Aeromonas sp. Process Biochem 37:857–862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glosl S, Wagner KH, Draxler A et al (2004) Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of melanoidins isolated from a roasted glucose-glycine model in human lymphocyte cultures, intestinal Caco-2 cells and in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA102 applying the Ames test. Food Chem Toxicol 42:1487–1495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez T, Terron MC, Yague S (2000) Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry monitoring of fungal-biotreated distillery wastewater using Trametes sp. I-62 (CECT 20197). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 14(15):1417–1424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulati N (2004) Conservation of resources using evaporation and spray drying technology for distillery and paper industries. In: Tewari PK (ed) Liquid asset proceedings of Indo-EU workshop on promoting efficient water use in agro-based industries. TERI Press, New Delhi, pp 163–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiramoto K, Nasuhara A, Michikoshi K (1997) DNA strand-breaking activity of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP), a Maillard reaction product of glucose and glycine. Mutat Res 395:47–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Incedayi B, Tamer CE, Copur UC (2010) A research on the composition of Pomegranate molasses. J Agri Fac Uludag Univ 24:37–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain N, Minocha AK, Verma CD (2002) Degradation of predigested distillery effluent by isolated bacterial strains. Indian J Exp Biol 40:101–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez AM, Borja R (1997) Influence of aerobic pretreatment with Penicillium decumbens on the anaerobic digestion of beet molasses alcoholic fermentation waste water in suspended and immobilized cell bioreactors. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:193–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez AM, Borja R, Martin A (2004) A comparative kinetic evaluation of the anaerobic digestion of untreated molasses and molasses previously fermented with Penicillium decumbens in batch reactors. Biochem Eng J 18:121–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jing H, Kitts DD (2000) Comparison of the antioxidative and cytotoxic properties of glucose-lysine and fructose-lysine Maillard reaction products. Food Res Int 33:09–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalavathi DF, Uma L, Subramanian G (2001) Degradation and metabolization of the pigment- melanoidin in a distillery effluent by the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181. Enzyme Microb Technol 29(4–5):246–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharayat Y (2012) Distillery wastewater: bioremediation approaches. J Integr Environ Sci 9(2):69–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JS, Lee YS (2009) Enolization and racemization reactions of glucose and fructose on heating with amino-acid enantiomers and the formation of melanoidins as a result of the Maillard reaction. Amino Acids 36:465–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp JS, Vantoch-Wood EJ, Zhang F (2001) Use of wood-rotting fungi for the decolourisation of dyes and industrial effluents. In: Gadd GM (ed) Fungi in bioremediation. British Mycological Society/Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 242

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Chandra R (2004) Detoxification of distillery effluent through Bacillus thuringiensis (MTCC 4714) enhanced phytoremediation potential of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schliden. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 73:903–910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Chandra R (2006) Decolorization and detoxification of synthetic molasses melanoidins by individual and mixed cultures of Bacillus spp. Bioresour Technol 97:2096–2102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V et al (1997a) Bioremediation and of anaerobically digested distillery spentwash. Biotechnology 19:311–313

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Wati L, Fitzgibbon F (1997b) Bioremediation and decolorization of aerobically digested distillery spent wash. Biotechnol Lett 19:311–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Wati L, Nigam P (1998) Decolorization and biodegradation of anaerobically digested sugarcane molasses spentwash effluent from biomethanation plants by white-rot fungi. Process Biochem 33:83–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwak EJ, Lee YS, Murata M (2005) Effect of pH control on the intermediates and melanoidins of nonenzymatic browning reaction. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie 38:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larter SR, Douglas AG (1980) Melanoidins-kerogen precursors and geochemical lipid sink: a study using pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:2087–2095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • le LR, Bailey RG, Ames JM (1998) Separation of Maillard reaction products from xylose-glycine and glucose-glycine model systems by capillary electrophoresis and comparison to reverse phase HPLC. Food Chem 62:425–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahimaraja S, Bolan NS (2004) Problems and prospects of agricultural use of distillery spentwash in India. In: Super Soil 2004. 3rd Australian New Zealand soils conference, 5–9 December 2004, University of Sydney, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Mall ID, Kumar V (1997) Removal of organic matter from distillery effluent using low cost adsorbent. Chem Eng World 32(7):89–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Manisankar P, Rani C, Viswanathan S (2004) Effect of halides in the electrochemical treatment of distillery effluent. Chemosphere 57(8):961–966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martın M, Raposo F, Borja R (2002) Kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of vinasse pretreated with ozone, ozone plus ultraviolet light, and ozone plus ultraviolet light in the presence of titanium dioxide. Process Biochem 37:699–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin S, Fernandez Bocanegra JL, Martin A (2003) Ozonation of vinasse in acid and alkaline media. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 78:1121–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins S, Jongen WMF, van Boekel M (2001) A review of maillard reaction in food and implications to kinetic modeling. Trends Food Sci Technol 11:364–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melamane XL, Strong PJ, Burgess JE (2007) Treatment of wine distillery wastewater: a review with emphasis on anaerobic membrane reactors. S Afr J Enol Vitic 28(1):25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Migo VP, Matsumura M, Delrosario EJ et al (1993) Molasses wastewater using an inorganic flocculent. J Ferment Bioeng 75(6):438–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohana S, Desai C, Datta M (2007) Biodegradation and of anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by a novel bacterial consortium. Bioresour Technol 98:333–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohana S, Acharya BK, Madamwar D (2009) Distillery spent wash: treatment technologies and potential applications. J Hazard Mater 163(1):12–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moosvi S, Keharia H, Madamwar D (2005) Textile dye reactive violet 5 by a newly isolated bacterial consortium RVM 11.1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21(5):667–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales FJ (2002) Application of capillary zone electrophoresis to the study of food and food-model melanoidins. Food Chem 76:363–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulidzi AR (2010) Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by constructed wetland with shorter retention time. Water Sci Technol 61(10):2611–2615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mussatto SI, Dragone G, Guimarães PM (2010) Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production. Biotechnol Adv 28:817–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naik N, Jagadeesh KS, Noolvi MN (2010) Enhanced degradation of melanoidin and caramel in biomethanated distillery spentwash by microorganisms isolated from mangroves. Iran J Energy Environ 1(4):347–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Nandy T, Shastry S, Kaul S (2002) Wastewater management in cane molasses distillery involving bioresource recovery. J Environ Manage 65(1):25–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nataraj SK, Hosamani KM, Aminabhavi TM (2006) Distillery wastewater treatment by the membrane-based nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes. Water Res 40(12):2349–2356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nwuche CO, Ugoji EO (2008) Effects of heavy metal pollution on the soil microbial activity. Int J Environ Sci Technol 5:409–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal S, Yadav V (2012) Bioremediation and decolorization of distillery effluent by novel microbial consortium. Eur J Exp Biol 2(3):496–504

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey RA, Malhotra S, Tankhiwale A (2003) Treatment of biologically treated distillery effluent—a case study. Int J Environ Stud 60(3):263–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pant D, Adholeya A (2007) Biological approaches for treatment of distillery wastewater: a review. Bioresour Technol 98:2321–2334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel A, Pawa R, Mishra S (2001) Exploitation of marine cyanobacteria for removal of color from distillery effluent. Indian J Environ Protect 21(12):1118–1121

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil NB, Kapadnis BP (1995) Decolorization of melanoidin pigment from distillery spentwash. Indian J Environ Health 37:84–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Payet B, Shum Cheong Sing A, Smadja J (2005) Assessment of antioxidant activity of cane brown sugars by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays: determination of their polyphenolic and volatile constituents. J Agric Food Chem 53:10074–10079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payet B, Shum Cheong Sing A, Smadja J (2006) Comparison of the concentrations of phenolic constituents in cane sugar manufacturing products with their antioxidant activities. J Agric Food Chem 54:7270–7276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plavsic M, Cosovic B, Lee C (2006) Copper complexing properties of melanoidins and marine humic material. Sci Total Environ 366:310–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prajapati AK, Chaudhari PK (2015) Physicochemical treatment of distillery wastewater—a review. Chem Eng Commun 202:1098–1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajor A, Singh D, Mathur RP (2002) Colour removal of distillery waste by Saccharomyces. Indian J Environ Protect 22:1241–1252

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramakritinan CM, Kumaraguru AK, Balasubramanian MP (2005) Impact of distillery effluent on carbohydrate metabolism of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. Ecotoxicology 14:693–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saha NK, Balakrishnan M, Batra VS (2005) Improving industrial water use: case study for an Indian distillery. Resour Conserv Recycl 43:163–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez OJ, Cardona CA (2008) Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. Bioresour Technol 99:5270–5295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangave PC, Pandit AB (2006) Enhancement in biodegradability of distillery wastewater using enzymatic pretreatment. J Environ Manage 78:77–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sankaran K, Premalatha M, Vijayasekaran M et al (2014) DEPHY project: distillery wastewater treatment throuh anaerobic digestion and phycoremediation—a green industrial approach. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 37:634–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satyawali Y, Balakrishnan M (2008) Wastewater treatment in molasses-based alcohol distilleries for COD and color removal: a review. J Environ Manage 86:481–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah SS, Desai JD, Ramakrishna C (1998) Aerobic biotreatment of wastewater from dimethyl terephthalate plant using biomass support particles. J Ferment Bioeng 86:215–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvan JM, Lagemaat JVD, Olano A (2006) Analysis and biological properties of amino acid derivates formed by Maillard reaction in foods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41:1543–1551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirianuntapiboon S, Phothilangka P, Ohmomo S (2004) Decolorization of molasses wastewater by a strain no. BP103 of acetogenic bacteria. Bioresour Technol 92:31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somoza V (2005) Five years of research on health risks and benefits of Maillard reaction products: an update. Mol Nutr Food Res 49:663–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamanna N, Mahmood N (2015) Food processing and Maillard reaction products: effect on human health and nutrition. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Int J Food Sci. 10.1155/2015/526762

  • Taylor JL, Demyttenaere JC, Abbaspour Tehrani K (2004) Genotoxicity of melanoidin fractions derived from a standard glucose/glycine model. J Agric Food Chem 52(2):318–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari PK, Batra VS, Balakrishnan M (2007) Water management initiatives in sugarcane molasses based distilleries in India. Resour Conserv Recy 52:351–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari S, Gaur R, Singh R (2012) Decolorization of a recalcitrant organic compound (Melanoidin) by a novel thermotolerant yeast, Candida tropicalis RG-9. BMC Biotechnol 12:30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Travieso L, Sánchez E, Borja R (2006) Evaluation of a laboratory-scale stabilization pond for tertiary treatment of distillery waste previously treated by a combined anaerobic filter-aerobic trickling system. Ecol Eng 27(2):100–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uppal J (2004) Water utilization and effluent treatment in the Indian alcohol industry—an overview. In: Liquid assets, proceedings of Indo-EU workshop on promoting efficient water use in agro-based industries. TERI Press, New Delhi. p 13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Valderrama LT, Del Campo CM, Rodriguez CM (2002) Treatment of recalcitrant wastewater from ethanol and citric acid using the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the macrophyte Lemna minuscule. Water Res 36(17):4185–4192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkat SM, Krishna SM, Karthikeyan J (2000) Adsorption mechanism of acid-azo dye from aqueous solution on to coal/coal based sorbents and activated carbon: a mechanist study. In: Jayarama Reddy S (ed) Analytical techniques in monitoring the environment. Student Offset Printers, Tirupathi, pp 97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner KH, Derkits S, Herr M (2002) Antioxidative potential of melanoidins isolated from a roasted glucose-glycine model. Food Chem 78:375–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HY, Qian H, Yao WR (2011) Melanoidins produced by the Maillard reaction: structure and biological activity. Food Chem 128:573–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie AC, Riedesel KJ, Owens JM (2000) Stillage characterization and anaerobic treatment of ethanol stillage from conventional and cellulosic feedstocks. Biomass Bioenergy 19(2):63–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu B, Zhou W (2010) Investigation of soluble microbial products in anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:1597–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav S, Chandra R (2012) Biodegradation of organic compounds of molasses melanoidin (MM) from biomethanated distillery spent wash (BMDS) during the decolourisation by a potential bacterial consortium. Biodeg 23(4):609–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaylayan VA, Kaminsky E (1998) Isolation and structural analysis of Maillard polymers: caramel and melanoidins formation in glycine/glucose model system. Food Chem 63:25–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Rajiv Gandhi national fellowship RGNF 2015-17SC-UTT-20334 to Mr. Pankaj Chowdhary for his Ph.D. work from UGC, Government of India (GOI), New Delhi, India is highly acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Chowdhary, Ashutosh Yadav & Ram Naresh Bharagava

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DPS), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gaurav Kaithwas

Authors
  1. Pankaj Chowdhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ashutosh Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gaurav Kaithwas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ram Naresh Bharagava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ram Naresh Bharagava .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmnetal Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Ritu Singh

  2. School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chowdhary, P., Yadav, A., Kaithwas, G., Bharagava, R.N. (2017). Distillery Wastewater: A Major Source of Environmental Pollution and Its Biological Treatment for Environmental Safety. In: Singh, R., Kumar, S. (eds) Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50653-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50654-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation