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Sensing the Past from Space: Approaches to Site Detection

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Sensing the Past

Part of the book series: Geotechnologies and the Environment ((GEOTECH,volume 16))

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with site detection by using earth observation technologies with particular reference to optical satellite data. Three different approaches are discussed: (1) the reconnaissance, analysis, and interpretation of proxy indicators; (2) remote sensing data integration; and (3) geographic information system (GIS)-based prediction modeling. Most of the chapter is dedicated to proxy indicators and in particular to how recognize them and which kind of data processing can be fruitfully employed for their enhancement. The proxy indicators are the result of physical and chemical interaction between archaeological remains and their surroundings that can produce changes in vegetation, moisture content, and microrelief. The reconnaissance of the proxy indicators is performed by means of the observation and processing of tones, shadows, shapes, textures, and patterns. For each of them some data processing methods (from the computation of spectral indices to semiautomatic and automatic features/object extraction) are shown and discussed with case studies. Two other approaches to site detection are prediction models based on GIS analyses and the integration of different remote sensing data. The prediction models aim at predicting the presence of sites of archaeological sites on the basis of observed patterns and on assumptions about human behavior, to be analyzed with environmental and geographic context, by using remotely sensed imagery and terrain models. Finally, different opportunities to integrate passive and active remotely sensed data to improve the characterization of microtopographic features related to shallow remains and the identification of paleo-environmental features are shown and discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The present publication is under the “ATHENA” project H2020-TWINN2015 of European Commission. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 691936. This chapter is an annex of the deliverable 2.1 “RS systems use for application in archaeology research assessment report.”

Author Contributions: Nicola Masini and Rosa Lasaponara conceived the study. Nicola Masini wrote the paper. Rosa Lasaponara reviewed the manuscript.

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  1. CNR-IBAM Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage, C. da Santa Loja, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy

    Nicola Masini

  2. CNR-IMAA, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, C. da S. Loya, 85050, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy

    Rosa Lasaponara

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  1. Nicola Masini
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Correspondence to Nicola Masini or Rosa Lasaponara .

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  1. CNR-IBAM Institute of Archaeological and Monumental Heritage, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy

    Nicola Masini

  2. Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (CNR-IREA), Napoli, Italy

    Francesco Soldovieri

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Masini, N., Lasaponara, R. (2017). Sensing the Past from Space: Approaches to Site Detection. In: Masini, N., Soldovieri, F. (eds) Sensing the Past. Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3_2

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