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Applications of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Wastewater

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Handbook of Ecomaterials

Abstract

Contamination of drinking water is a major global problem as it causes irreversible damage to soil, plants, humans, and animals and spreads numerous epidemics and chronic diseases. Wastewater contains high concentration of metals, herbicides, pesticides, and toxic industrial effluents that can disrupt various biochemical processes in the animals and human beings and lead to alteration of enzyme activities/pathways which could cause various diseases and even genetic disorders. The worldwide population growth and climate change have posed serious threats to the availability of clean drinking water, and there is an urgent need for novel and innovative water treatment technologies to ensure continuous supply of pure drinking water. Moreover, the harmful effects and limitations of chemical-based water treatment processes are well known. A recent trend in nanotechnology shows the applications of nano-based materials, such as nano-adsorbents, nano-metals, nano-membranes, and photocatalysts, in various processes. Keeping all these factors in mind, the present chapter is aimed to summarize the use of nanoparticles in the remediation and treatment of wastewater. This chapter also deals with potential future applications of nanoparticle-based treatment methods and its comparison with conventional processes along with commercialization of products.

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Abbreviations

3D EEM:

3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy

ADK:

Adenylate kinase

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

BET:

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substance

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

HGMS:

High-gradient magnetic separation

HDC:

Hydrodechlorination

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

TBARS:

Lipid peroxidation

LB-EPS:

Loosely bound EPS

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticles

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

NTO:

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide

NaR:

Nitrate reductase

NiR:

Nitrite reductase

NOEC:

No observed effect concentration

nZVI:

Nano-zerovalent iron

OMWW:

Olive mill wastewater

OECD:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

PAAH:

Poly-allylamine-hydrochloride

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PPK:

Polyphosphate kinase

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SPIONS:

Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

TGA:

Thermogravimetric

TSS:

Total suspended solids

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TCE:

Trichloroethene

TETA:

Triethylenetetramine

UASB:

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

WSS:

Waste silicon sludge

WHO:

World Health Organization

XAS:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Iffat Zareen Ahmad, Asad Ahmad & Heena Tabassum

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Kuddus

Authors
  1. Iffat Zareen Ahmad
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  2. Asad Ahmad
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  3. Heena Tabassum
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  4. Mohammed Kuddus
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Correspondence to Mohammed Kuddus .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Instituto de Ingeniería Civil, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Leticia Myriam Torres Martínez

  2. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey, Mexico

    Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

  3. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León , Monterrey, Mexico

    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov

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Ahmad, I.Z., Ahmad, A., Tabassum, H., Kuddus, M. (2017). Applications of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Wastewater. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_37-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48281-1_37-1

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