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Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis as Possible Biomarkers: Dream or Reality?

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Multiple Sclerosis: Bench to Bedside

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 958))

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles are recently described as specialized structures for intercellular communication. Their role in the central nervous system was diffusely studied in both physiological and pathological condition. In particular, an increased extracellular vesicle number was detected in several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. This chapter summarizes the available information on the involvement of the extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and their possible use as biomarker of therapy efficacy.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

blood-brain barrier

CNS:

central nervous system

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

EEVs:

endothelial derived EV

EVs:

extracellular vesicles

IFN:

interferon

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinases

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

MS:

multiple sclerosis

MV:

membrane vesicles

PEVs:

Platelet derived EVs

PPMS:

primary progressive multiple sclerosis

PS:

phosphatidylserine

RRMS:

relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

SPMS:

secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants from the University of Palermo and PhD funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Sez Biologia Cellulare ed.16, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy

    Maria Magdalena Barreca & Emanuele Aliotta

  2. Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Fabiana Geraci

  3. Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy

    Fabiana Geraci

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  1. Maria Magdalena Barreca
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  2. Emanuele Aliotta
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  3. Fabiana Geraci
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Correspondence to Fabiana Geraci .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience Research, University of Dammam, Damman, Saudi Arabia

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Fabiana Geraci

  3. Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Punit Kaur

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Barreca, M.M., Aliotta, E., Geraci, F. (2017). Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis as Possible Biomarkers: Dream or Reality?. In: Asea, A., Geraci, F., Kaur, P. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis: Bench to Bedside. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 958. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_1

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