Abstract
Simulation is a favoured technique for analysis of cyber-physical systems. With their increase in complexity, co-simulation, which involves the coordinated use of heterogeneous models and tools, has become widespread. An industry standard, FMI, has been developed to support orchestration; we provide the first behavioural semantics of FMI. We use the state-rich process algebra, \({{\textsf {\textit{Circus}}}}\), to present our modelling approach, and indicate how models can be automatically generated from a description of the individual simulations and their dependencies. We illustrate the work using three algorithms for orchestration. A stateless version of the models can be verified using model checking via translation to CSP. With that, we can prove important properties of these algorithms, like termination and determinism, for example. We also show that the example provided in the FMI standard is not a valid algorithm.
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Acknowledgements
The work is funded by the EU INTO-CPS project (Horizon 2020, 664047). Ana Cavalcanti and Jim Woodcock are also funded by the EPSRC grant EP/M025756/1. Anonymous referees have made insightful suggestions. No new primary data were created during this study.
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Cavalcanti, A., Woodcock, J., Amálio, N. (2016). Behavioural Models for FMI Co-simulations. In: Sampaio, A., Wang, F. (eds) Theoretical Aspects of Computing – ICTAC 2016. ICTAC 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9965. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46750-4_15
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