Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Using Dependent Types to Define Energy Augmented Semantics of Programs

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Foundational and Practical Aspects of Resource Analysis (FOPARA 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 9964))

Abstract

Energy is becoming a key resource for IT systems. Hence, it can be essential for the success of a system under development to be able to derive and optimise its resource consumption. For large IT systems, compositionality is a key property in order to be applicable in practice. If such a method is hardware parametric, the effect of using different algorithms or running the same software on different hardware configurations can be studied. This article presents a hardware-parametric, compositional and precise type system to derive energy consumption functions. These energy functions describe the energy consumption behaviour of hardware controlled by the software. This type system has the potential to predict energy consumptions of algorithms and hardware configurations, which can be used on design level or for optimisation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Saxe, E.: Power-efficient software. Commun. ACM 53(2), 44–48 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhurikhin, D., Belevantsev, A., Avetisyan, A., Batuzov, K., Lee, S.: Evaluating power aware optimizations within GCC compiler. In: GROW-2009: International Workshop on GCC Research Opportunities (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jayaseelan, R., Mitra, T., Li, X.: Estimating the worst-case energy consumption of embedded software. In: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, pp. 81–90. IEEE (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ferreira, M.A., Hoekstra, E., Merkus, B., Visser, B., Visser, J.: SEFLab: A lab for measuring software energy footprints. In: 2013 2nd International Workshop on Green and Sustainable Software (GREENS), pp. 30–37. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kersten, R., Toldin, P.P., Gastel, B., Eekelen, M.: A hoare logic for energy consumption analysis. In: Dal Lago, U., Peña, R. (eds.) FOPARA 2013. LNCS, vol. 8552, pp. 93–109. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12466-7_6

    Google Scholar 

  6. Schoolderman, M., Neutelings, J., Kersten, R., van Eekelen, M.: ECAlogic: hardware-parametric energy-consumption analysis of algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Foundations of Aspect-oriented Languages, FOAL 2014, pp. 19–22. ACM, New York (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Parisen Toldin, P., Kersten, R., van Gastel, B., van Eekelen, M.: Soundness proof for a hoare logic for energy consumption analysis. Technical Report ICIS-R13009, Radboud University Nijmegen, October 2013

    Google Scholar 

  8. Albers, S.: Energy-efficient algorithms. Commun. ACM 53(5), 86–96 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Ranganathan, P.: Recipe for efficiency: principles of power-aware computing. Commun. ACM 53(4), 60–67 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Naik, K., Wei, D.S.L.: Software implementation strategies for power-conscious systems. Mob. Netw. Appl. 6(3), 291–305 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Sivasubramaniam, A., Kandemir, M., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J.: Designing energy-efficient software. In: International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Los Alamitos, CA, USA. IEEE Computer Society (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  12. te Brinke, S., Malakuti, S., Bockisch, C., Bergmans, L., Akşit, M.: A design method for modular energy-aware software. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 1180–1182. ACM, New York (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cohen, M., Zhu, H.S., Senem, E.E., Liu, Y.D.: Energy types. SIGPLAN Not. 47(10), 831–850 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sampson, A., Dietl, W., Fortuna, E., Gnanapragasam, D., Ceze, L., Grossman, D.: EnerJ: approximate data types for safe and general low-power computation. SIGPLAN Not. 46(6), 164–174 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kerrison, S., Liqat, U., Georgiou, K., Mena, A.S., Grech, N., Lopez-Garcia, P., Eder, K., Hermenegildo, M.V.: Energy consumption analysis of programs based on XMOS ISA-level models. In: Gupta, G., Peña, R. (eds.) LOPSTR 2013. LNCS, vol. 8901, pp. 72–90. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gheorghita, S.V., Corporaal, H., Basten, T.: Iterative compilation for energy reduction. J. Embedded Comput. 1(4), 509–520 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mehta, H., Owens, R.M., Irwin, M.J., Chen, R., Ghosh, D.: Techniques for low energy software. In: ISLPED 1997: Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, pp. 72–75. ACM, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Šimunić, T., Benini, L., De Micheli, G., Hans, M.: Source code optimization and profiling of energy consumption in embedded systems. In: ISSS 2000: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on System Synthesis, Washington, DC, pp. 193–198. IEEE Computer Society (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, W., Kandemir, M., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J., De, V.: Compiler support for reducing leakage energy consumption. In: DATE 2003: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Washington, DC. IEEE Computer Society (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  20. You, Y.P., Lee, C., Lee, J.K.: Compilers for leakage power reduction. ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst. 11(1), 147–164 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Shrivastava, A., Dutt, N.: Energy efficient code generation exploiting reduced bit-width instruction set architectures (rISA). In: ASP-DAC 2004: Proceedings of the 2004 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 475–477. IEEE Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Joo, Y., Choi, Y., Shim, H., Lee, H.G., Kim, K., Chang, N.: Energy exploration and reduction of SDRAM memory systems. In: DAC 2002: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Design Automation Conference, pp. 892–897. ACM, New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Verma, M., Wehmeyer, L., Pyka, R., Marwedel, P., Benini, L.: Compilation and simulation tool chain for memory aware energy optimizations. In: SAMOS, pp. 279–288 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Jones, T.M., O’Boyle, M.F.P., Abella, J., González, A., Ergin, O.: Energy-efficient register caching with compiler assistance. ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. 6(4), 1–23 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee, H.G., Chang, N.: Energy-aware memory allocation in heterogeneous non-volatile memory systems. In: ISLPED 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, pp. 420–423. ACM, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Okuma, T., Yasuura, H., Ishihara, T.: Software energy reduction techniques for variable-voltage processors. IEEE Des. Test 18(2), 31–41 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Saputra, H., Kandemir, M., Vijaykrishnan, N., Irwin, M.J., Hu, J.S., Hsu, C.H., Kremer, U.: Energy-conscious compilation based on voltage scaling. LCTES/SCOPES 2002: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems, pp. 2–11. ACM, New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Baek, W., Chilimbi, T.M.: Green: a framework for supporting energy-conscious programming using controlled approximation. SIGPLAN Not. 45(6), 198–209 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. te Brinke, S., Malakuti, S., Bockisch, C.M., Bergmans, L.M.J., Akşit, M., Katz, S.: A tool-supported approach for modular design of energy-aware software. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Gyeongju, Korea, SAC 2014. ACM, March 2014

    Google Scholar 

  30. Albert, E., Arenas, P., Genaim, S., Puebla, G.: Closed-form upper bounds in static cost analysis. J. Autom. Reason. 46(2), 161–203 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Hoffmann, J., Aehlig, K., Hofmann, M.: Multivariate amortized resource analysis. In: Ball, T., Sagiv, M. (eds.) POPL 2011, pp. 357–370. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Atkey, R.: Amortised resource analysis with separation logic. In: Gordon, A.D. (ed.) ESOP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6012, pp. 85–103. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11957-6_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Aspinall, D., Beringer, L., Hofmann, M., Loidl, H.W., Momigliano, A.: A program logic for resources. Theor. Comput. Sci. 389(3), 411–445 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. McBride, C.: Epigram: practical programming with dependent types. In: Vene, V., Uustalu, T. (eds.) AFP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3622, pp. 130–170. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/11546382_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Bove, A., Dybjer, P., Norell, U.: A brief overview of agda - a functional language with dependent types. In: Berghofer, S., Nipkow, T., Urban, C., Wenzel, M. (eds.) TPHOLs 2009. LNCS, vol. 5674, pp. 73–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Condit, J., Harren, M., Anderson, Z., Gay, D., Necula, G.C.: Dependent types for low-level programming. In: Nicola, R. (ed.) ESOP 2007. LNCS, vol. 4421, pp. 520–535. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71316-6_35

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Morgenstern, J., Licata, D.R.: Security-typed programming within dependently typed programming. Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, ICFP 2010, pp. 169–180. ACM, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shkaravska, O., Eekelen, M., Tamalet, A.: Collected size semantics for strict functional programs over general polymorphic lists. In: Dal Lago, U., Peña, R. (eds.) FOPARA 2013. LNCS, vol. 8552, pp. 143–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12466-7_9

    Google Scholar 

  39. Tamalet, A., Shkaravska, O., van Eekelen, M.: Size analysis of algebraic data types. In: Achten, P., Koopman, P., Morazán, M. (eds.) Trends in Functional Programming, vol. 9 of Trends in Functional Programming, pp. 33–48. Intellect (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Bernard van Gastel & Marko van Eekelen

  2. Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands

    Bernard van Gastel & Marko van Eekelen

  3. Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA, USA

    Rody Kersten

Authors
  1. Bernard van Gastel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rody Kersten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marko van Eekelen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bernard van Gastel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radboud University and Open University, The Netherlands, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands

    Marko van Eekelen

  2. Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Ugo Dal Lago

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

van Gastel, B., Kersten, R., van Eekelen, M. (2016). Using Dependent Types to Define Energy Augmented Semantics of Programs. In: van Eekelen, M., Dal Lago, U. (eds) Foundational and Practical Aspects of Resource Analysis. FOPARA 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9964. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46559-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46559-3_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46558-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46559-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation