Skip to main content

Shifting Perspectives in an Era of Complexity and Change: Incorporating Resilience into the Water Governance of Canadian Drainage Basins

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Water Policy and Governance in Canada

Part of the book series: Global Issues in Water Policy ((GLOB,volume 17))

Abstract

Governance has emerged as a central issue in addressing contemporary and future water challenges. Many shortcomings of past approaches to water policy in Canada are revealed in this volume as they relate to conservation (Changing Currents: A Case Study in the Evolution of Water Law in Western Canada and Patchy resources for the governance of Canada’s resource patches: How hydraulic fracturing is illuminating the need to improve water governance in Canada) and health (Public Health at the Watershed Scale). A fundamental shift in the prevailing mindset of government control of the hydrological cycle for human use is necessary. Resilience offers a radical departure from dominant approaches of the past and conceptual developments inform the future of water governance in an era of complexity and change. Incorporating resilience thinking into the governance of drainage basins is critical in this context. Four cases from Canada are presented to illustrate how resilience is emerging in policy and practice. Taken together, resilience thinking and resilience practice, provide a fertile ground for re-envisioning water resources and their governance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    For more information on the Strategy, partners involved, and past and current activities, please visit: nwtwaterstewardship.ca.

  2. 2.

    Note: This is a not an exhaustive list of attributes in the Strategy that promote resilience , but are rather selected examples.

References

  • Baird, J., Plummer, R., Haug, C., et al. (2014). Learning effects of interactive decision-making processes for climate change adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 27, 51–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird, J., Plummer, R., Moore, M.-L., et al. (2016). Introducing resilience practice to watershed groups: What are the learning effects? Society & Natural Resources, 29, 1214–1229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, K., & Cook, C. (2011). Water governance in Canada: Innovation and fragmentation. International Journal of Water Resources, 27(2), 275–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., & Wu, S. et al. (Eds.). (2008). Climate change and water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Geneva: IPCC Secretariat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, M. H., & Garmestani, A. S. (2011). Can we manage for resilience? The integration of resilience thinking into natural resource management in the United States. Environmental Management, 48, 392–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkes, F., & Folke, C. (1998). Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability. In F. Berkes & C. Folke (Eds.), Linking social and ecological systems: Management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience (pp. 1–25). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (Eds.). (2003). Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., et al. (2012). Toward principles for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 421–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Schoon, M. L., et al. (2015). Principles for building resilience: Sustaining ecosystem services in social-ecological systems. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, E., & Folke, C. (2012). Conclusions: Adapting institutions and resilience. In E. Boyd & C. Folke (Eds.), Adapting institutions: Governance, complexity and social-ecological resilience (pp. 264–280). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, O. M., Ferguson, K., M’Gonigle, M., et al. (2005). At a watershed: Ecological governance and sustainable water management in Canada. Victoria: POLIS Project on Ecological Governance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, O. M., O’Riordan, J., O’Riordan, T., et al. (2014). A blueprint for watershed governance in British Columbia. Victoria: POLIS Project on Ecological Governance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, K. (2014). Global environmental change: A social turn for resilience? Progress in Human Geography, 38(1), 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clancy, P. (2014). Freshwater politics in Canada. North York: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clewell, A. F., & Aronson, J. (2013). Ecological restoration: Principles, values, and structure of an emerging profession (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, H., Ajami, N., Ha, M. L., et al. (2013). Global water governance in the 21st century. Oakland: Pacific Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cote, M., & Nightingale, A. J. (2012). Resilience thinking meets social theory: Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research. Progress in Human Geography, 36(4), 475–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, D. J. (2010). The application of the concept of resilience to social systems: Some sources of optimism and nagging doubts. Society & Natural Resources, 23, 1135–1149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Loë, R., & Kreutzwizer, R. (2007). Challenging the status quo: The evolution of water governance in Canada. In K. Bakker (Ed.), Eau Canada: The future of Canada’s water (pp. 85–104). Vancouver: UBC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Loë, R., & Plummer, R. (2010). Climate change, adaptive capacity, and governance for drinking water in Canada. In D. Armitage & R. Plummer (Eds.), Adaptive capacity and environmental governance (pp. 157–178). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fisheries and Oceans Canada. (2006). Ecological restoration of degraded aquatic habitats: A watershed approach. Available via Fisheries and Oceans Canada. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library/321286.pdf. Accessed 18 Sept 2015.

  • Folke, C. (2003). Freshwater for resilience: A shift in thinking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 358(1440), 2027–2036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C., Colding, J., & Berkes, F. (2003). Synthesis: Building resilience and adaptive capacity in social-ecological systems. In F. Berkes, J. Colding, & C. Folke (Eds.), Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change (pp. 352–387). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., et al. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galaz, V. (2007). Water governance, resilience and global environmental change – A reassessment of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Water Science and Technology, 56(4), 1–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Global Water Partnership Technical Advisory Committee. (2000). Integrated water resources management (TAC background papers, 4). Stockholm: Global Water Partnership.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of the Northwest Territories and Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. (2010). Northern voices, northern waters: NWT Water Stewardship Strategy. Yellowknife: Government of the Northwest Territories.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of the Northwest Territories and Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. (2011). NWT water stewardship: A plan for action, 2011–2015. Yellowknife: Government of the Northwest Territories.

    Google Scholar 

  • Health Canada. (2015). Drinking water and wastewater. Available via Health Canada. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/promotion/public-publique/water-eau-eng.php. Accessed 18 Sept 2015.

  • Holling, C. S., & Gunderson, L. H. (2002). Resilience and adaptive cycles. In L. H. Gunderson & C. S. Holling (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems (pp. 25–62). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H., & Ludwig, D. (2002). In quest of a theory of adaptive change. In L. H. Gunderson & C. S. Holling (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems (pp. 3–22). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornborg, A. (2013). Revelations of resilience: From the ideological disarmament of disaster to the revolutionary implications of (p)anarchy. Resilience, 1(2), 116–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huitema, D., Mostert, E., Egas, W., et al. (2009). Adaptive water governance: Assessing the institutional prescriptions of adaptive (co)management form a governance perspective and defining a research agenda. Ecology and Society, 14(1), 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, R., Brandes, O., & Moore, M. -L. et al. (2014). The Cowichan watershed board: An evolution of collaborative watershed governance. Available via POLIS Project on Ecological Governance. http://poliswaterproject.org/publication/761. Accessed 18 Sept 2015.

  • Imhof, J. G., FitzGibbon, J. E. (2014, June 24–26). Restoring streams and their watersheds by building the capacity of local communities: A watershed and stream rehabilitation training program. Presentation at the Adaptation in the Great Lakes Region conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerner, D. A., & Thomas, J. S. (2014). Resilience attributes of social-ecological systems: Framing metrics for management. Resources, 3, 672–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krievins, K., Plummer, R., & Baird, J. (2014). Resilience: An annotated bibliography. Available via Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/5239. Accessed 18 Sept 2015.

  • Krievins, K., Baird, J., Plummer, R., et al. (2015). Resilience in a watershed governance context: A primer. St. Catharines: Environmental Sustainability Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemmen, D. S., & Warren, F. J. (2004). Climate change impacts and adaptation: A Canadian perspective. Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Milly, P. C. D., Betancourt, J., Falkenmark, M., et al. (2008). Stationarity is dead: Whither water management. Science, 319, 73–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milman, A., & Short, A. (2008). Incorporating resilience into sustainability indicators: An example for the urban water sector. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 758–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Round Table on the Economy and Environment. (2010). Changing currents: Water sustainability and the future of Canada’s natural resource sectors. Ottawa: NRTEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2011). Water governance in OECD countries: A multi-level approach. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264119284-en

  • Olsson, L., Jerneck, A., Thoren, H., et al. (2015). Why resilience is unappealing to social science: Theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience. Science Advances, 1(4), e1400217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, R. (2010). Social-ecological resilience and environmental education: Synopsis, application, implications. Environmental Education Research, 16(5–6), 493–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, R., Baird, J., Moore, M.-L., et al. (2014). Governance of aquatic systems: What characterizes resilience? International Journal of Water Governance, 2(4), 1–18. doi:10.7564/14-IJWG51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, R., Baird, J., Bullock, R., et al. (2016a). Probing the relationship between ecosystem perceptions and approaches to environmental governance: An exploratory content analysis of seven water dilemmas. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses. Online. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21693293.2016.1202903#abstract.

  • Plummer, R., Baird, J., Krievins, K., et al. (2016b). Improving river health: Initiating collaboration in a transboundary river basin. International Journal of River Basin Management, 14, 119–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockström, J., Falkenmark, M., Allan, T., et al. (2014). The unfolding water drama in the Anthropocene: Towards a resilience based perspective on water for global sustainability. Ecohydrology, 7(5), 1249–1261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, P., & Hall, A. W. (2003). Effective water governance (TEC background papers, 7). Stockholm: Global Water Partnership.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoeman, J., Allan, C., & Finlayson, C. M. (2014). A new paradigm for water? A comparative review of integrated, adaptive and ecosystem-based water management in the Anthropocene. International Journal of Water Resources, 30(3), 377–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simms, G., & de Loë, R. C. (2010). Challenges for water governance in Canada: A discussion paper (Governance for source water protection in Canada report no. 2). Waterloo: Water Policy and Governance Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, J. (2007). Great wet north? Canada’s myth of water abundance. In K. Bakker (Ed.), Eau Canada: The future of Canada’s water (pp. 23–36). Vancouver: UBC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., & Salt, D. (2006). Resilience thinking: Sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world. Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., & Salt, D. (2012). Resilience practice: Building capacity to absorb disturbance and maintain function. Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, C. (2012). Urban resilience: What does it mean in planning practice. Planned Theory & Practice, 13(2), 299–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryan Plummer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Plummer, R., Baird, J., Krievins, K., Fresque-Baxter, J., Imhof, J., Mitchell, S.J. (2017). Shifting Perspectives in an Era of Complexity and Change: Incorporating Resilience into the Water Governance of Canadian Drainage Basins. In: Renzetti, S., Dupont, D. (eds) Water Policy and Governance in Canada. Global Issues in Water Policy, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42806-2_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics