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Animal Studies in the Field of Transcranial Electric Stimulation

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Dozens of animal studies of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) have provided insight into the cellular mechanism of stimulation. Biomarkers of tDCS/tACS responses at the neurophysiological, behavioral, and molecular levels provide a basis to design clinical interventions that engage specific targets. This chapter provides a broad introduction to methods and insights from animal models. Both tDCS and tACS are sub-threshold techniques, producing membrane polarization rather than firing. If the nervous system is engaged during tDCS/tACS, for example by cognitive behavioral therapy, then tDCS/tACS modulate this ongoing activity. Animal models have supported the basis for polarity-specific effects of tDCS (“anodal” excitation, “cathodal” inhibition) while also indicating limitations of simplistic dose strategies. tACS studies have focused on boosting of oscillations. Both techniques can modulate ongoing plasticity leading to lasting changes in brain function. As an adjunct therapy, tDCS/tACS may thus increase brain capacity for plasticity enhancing the effects of neuropsychiatric therapies, and compensating for disease-related decline.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA

    Doris Ling, Asif Rahman, Mark Jackson & Marom Bikson Ph.D.

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  1. Doris Ling
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  2. Asif Rahman
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  3. Mark Jackson
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  4. Marom Bikson Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Marom Bikson Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation Department and Institute of Psychiatry Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), University Hospital and Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    André Brunoni

  2. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environments and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany

    Michael Nitsche

  3. School of Psychiatry Black Dog Institute & St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colleen Loo

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Ling, D., Rahman, A., Jackson, M., Bikson, M. (2016). Animal Studies in the Field of Transcranial Electric Stimulation. In: Brunoni, A., Nitsche, M., Loo, C. (eds) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33967-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33967-2_5

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