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The Archipelago of Social Ecology and the Island of the Vienna School

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Social Ecology

Part of the book series: Human-Environment Interactions ((HUEN,volume 5))

Abstract

Social Ecology is an interdisciplinary research field rooted in the traditions of both the Social Sciences and Natural Sciences. The common denominator of this research field is not a shared label but a shared paradigm. Related labels that extend beyond Social Ecology include Human Ecology, Industrial Ecology, Ecological Economics and Socioecological Systems Analysis. The core axioms of the shared paradigm are that human social and natural systems interact, coevolve over time and have substantial impacts upon one another, with causality working in both directions. Social Ecology offers a conceptual approach to society-nature coevolution pertaining to history, to current development processes and to a future sustainability transition. This chapter reviews several academic traditions that have contributed to the emergence of this paradigm and then describes the research areas belonging to the field. One cluster deals with society’s biophysical structures (such as energy and society, land use and food production and social metabolism, the field covered by Industrial Ecology and Ecological Economics). Other clusters identify the environmental impacts of human societies (such as the IPAT and footprint approaches), biohistory and society-nature coevolution. Another research area considers regulation, governance and sustainability transitions. In the last section, we describe the distinguishing characteristics of the Vienna Social Ecology School.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Since the mid-1960s, annual ‘Conferences of the Parties’ (COP) have been held within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ‘parties’ are countries classified by the Convention into various groups with different obligations.

  2. 2.

    http://www.resilience.org/index.php/key_concepts.

  3. 3.

    This might be considered a heritage from Ecological Anthropology.

  4. 4.

    Maintaining the heritage from Maturana and Varela (1975) and Luhmann (1984/1995).

  5. 5.

    This reflects the heritage from classical political economy and universal history.

  6. 6.

    Imagine 9/11 and no one talking about it!

  7. 7.

    Natural scientists would not even consider engaging in something like finding an overall concept of nature—this has always been the realm of philosophy.

  8. 8.

    Recent similar conceptualizations may be found in Liu et al. (2007), who discuss the complexity of coupled human and natural systems, and in Becker (2013), who emphasizes the importance of hybrid structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Social Ecology (SEC), Alpen-Adria University, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070, Vienna, Austria

    Marina Fischer-Kowalski

  2. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A56, P.O. Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany

    Helga Weisz

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Correspondence to Marina Fischer-Kowalski .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Alpen Adria University Institute of Social Ecology Vienna (SEC), Vienna, Austria

    Helmut Haberl

  2. Institute of Social Ecology Alpen Adria University, Vienna, Austria

    Marina Fischer-Kowalski

  3. Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Alpen Adria University Institute of Social Ecology Vienna (SEC), Vienna, Austria

    Fridolin Krausmann

  4. Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Alpen Adria University Institute of Social Ecology Vienna (SEC), Vienna, Austria

    Verena Winiwarter

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Fischer-Kowalski, M., Weisz, H. (2016). The Archipelago of Social Ecology and the Island of the Vienna School. In: Haberl, H., Fischer-Kowalski, M., Krausmann, F., Winiwarter, V. (eds) Social Ecology. Human-Environment Interactions, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33326-7_1

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