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Tectonics and Exhumation of Romanian Carpathians: Inferences from Kinematic and Thermochronological Studies

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Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania

Part of the book series: Springer Geography ((SPRINGERGEOGR))

Abstract

The ultimate topographic expression of intra-continental mountain chains is established during continental collision. The Romanian Carpathians provide a key location for understanding the mechanics of collision during slab retreat because the nappe stacking was not overprinted by back-arc extension, as commonly observed elsewhere. A review of existing kinematic and low-temperature thermochronological data infers that the collisional mechanics is significantly different when compared with high-convergence orogens. The shortening of the orogen at exterior was entirely accommodated by back-arc extension and the area in between simply rotated and moved into the Carpathians embayment. The roll-back collision is driven by foreland-coupling, a process that gradually accretes and exhumes continental material towards the foreland. The topographic expression of the Romanian Carpathians is both inherited from latest Cretaceous—Paleogene times, such as in the Apuseni Mountains or South Carpathians, and overprinted by the Miocene exhumation associated with the roll-back collision, as in the East or the SE Carpathians. The migration of exhumation towards the foreland continued during Pliocene—Quaternary times and is still active modifying the present-day topography in the SE Carpathians. The Transylvanian Basin is one of the best examples available of vertical movements induced by deep mantle processes in what is commonly referred as dynamic topography.

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Acknowledgments

This review study is based on the long-term commitment of the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Science (ISES) for understanding the kinematics and exhumation in the Romanian Carpathians. Numerous PhD students and postdoctoral fellows have worked in this line of research, among which relevant for this study are Carlo Sanders, Mihai Tărăpoancă, Csaba Krezsek, Traian Răbăgia, Karen Leever, Andrei Bocin, Sandra Merten, Marten ter Borgh and Ioan Munteanu. In particular, Sandra Merten has a fundamental contribution in understanding the exhumation of such an orogen with low amounts of exhumation. Paul Andriessen and Sierd Cloetingh are acknowledged for their long-term collaboration and involvement.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Liviu Mațenco

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  1. Geography, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania

    Maria Radoane

  2. Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest Faculty of Geography, Bucharest, Romania

    Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

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Mațenco, L. (2017). Tectonics and Exhumation of Romanian Carpathians: Inferences from Kinematic and Thermochronological Studies. In: Radoane, M., Vespremeanu-Stroe, A. (eds) Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32589-7_2

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