Abstract
Over the last 20 years, production of fresh fruits, both in crude and processed form, has increased significantly around the world (Fig. 6.1). Rising incomes and growing consumer interest in product variety, freshness, convenience, and year-round availability are among the main reasons for this increased demand (Diop and Jaffee 2005). Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of micronutrients, needed by children for optimal growth and development. Most national and international dietary guidelines are in agreement that consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is a healthy food choice and yet needs to be increased. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum daily intake of 400 grams of fruits and vegetables, especially for children, and many countries have programmes to promote consumption (FAO/WHO 2004).
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Notes
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Ruel et al. (2004) define fruits as the sweet, fleshly, edible parts of plants that contain the seed(s), excluding non-sweet examples such as zucchini, tomatoes, peppers, and peas.
- 2.
The ‘nexus’ is an increasingly recognized concept and is about how and where the food, water, and energy systems intersect. Because actions related to one system can impact one or both of the other systems, it is necessary to take a nexus approach. Underlying the nexus approach is the understanding of the interdependencies among these three systems and how to ensure food, water, and energy security for an ever-growing population.
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Tier 1 methods are actual emission estimation methods, often based on default activity data where better data are not available.
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(100 %*157,000 tonnes/35 %)*2.72.
- 8.
Coarse grains generally refer to cereal grains other than wheat and rice—in the OECD countries, those used primarily for animal feed or brewing (source: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=369).
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Feliciano, D.M.S. (2016). Environmental Impacts of Fruit Production in Brazil. In: Ioris, A. (eds) Agriculture, Environment and Development. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32255-1_6
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