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Tethered Function Assays as Tools to Elucidate the Molecular Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins

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RNA Processing

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 907))

Abstract

Dynamic regulation of RNA molecules is critical to the survival and development of cells. Messenger RNAs are transcribed in the nucleus as intron-containing pre-mRNAs and bound by RNA-binding proteins, which control their fate by regulating RNA stability, splicing, polyadenylation, translation, and cellular localization. Most RBPs have distinct mRNA-binding and functional domains; thus, the function of an RBP can be studied independently of RNA-binding by artificially recruiting the RBP to a reporter RNA and then measuring the effect of RBP recruitment on reporter splicing, stability, translational efficiency, or intracellular trafficking. These tethered function assays therefore do not require prior knowledge of the RBP’s endogenous RNA targets or its binding sites within these RNAs. Here, we provide an overview of the experimental strategy and the strengths and limitations of common tethering systems. We illustrate specific examples of the application of the assay in elucidating the function of various classes of RBPs. We also discuss how classic tethering assay approaches and insights gained from them have been empowered by more recent technological advances, including efficient genome editing and high-throughput RNA-sequencing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank members of the Yeo laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (HG007005, HG004659 and NS075449) to G.W.Y. G.W.Y. is an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. J.K.N. was supported by the NCI training grant T32CA067754. T.J.B. is a Hoover Brussels Fellow of the Belgian American Education Foundation (BAEF).

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Tomas J. Bos, Julia K. Nussbacher, Stefan Aigner & Gene W. Yeo

  2. Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore

    Gene W. Yeo

  3. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Gene W. Yeo

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  1. Tomas J. Bos
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    Gene W. Yeo

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Bos, T.J., Nussbacher, J.K., Aigner, S., Yeo, G.W. (2016). Tethered Function Assays as Tools to Elucidate the Molecular Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins. In: Yeo, G. (eds) RNA Processing. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 907. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29073-7_3

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