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Drought Survival Strategies of Tropical Trees

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Tropical Tree Physiology

Part of the book series: Tree Physiology ((TREE,volume 6))

Abstract

Climate change is predicted to increase the occurrence of extreme droughts, which are associated with elevated mortality rates in tropical trees. Drought-induced mortality is thought to occur by two main mechanisms: hydraulic failure or carbon starvation . This chapter focuses on the strategies that plants use to survive these two drought-induced mortality mechanisms and how these mechanisms are distributed among the immense diversity of tropical tree species. The traits that tropical trees may use to survive drought include (1) xylem that is resistant to drought-induced cavitation , (2) high sapwood capacitance that protects xylem from critically low water potentials , (3) drought deciduousness, (4) photosynthetic stems that have the potential to assimilate carbon at greater water-use efficiency than leaves, (5) deep roots, (6) regulation of gas exchange to reduce leaf water loss or to maintain photosynthesis at low leaf water potential and (7) when all else fails, low cuticular conductance from exposed tissues during extended drought. To date, most research has focused on deciduousness, resistant xylem, soil water, gas exchange behavior and sapwood capacitance, whereas little is known about the role of photosynthetic stems or cuticular conductance during extreme extended drought, making these processes a high priority for a complete understanding of tropical tree physiology during drought.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Christopher Baraloto, Bettina Engelbrecht, Gregory Goldsmith, Omar Lopez, Yadvinder Malhi, Patrick Meir, John Sperry, Klaus Winter and Joe Wright for enlightening discussions on the topics presented; Leonor Álvarez-Cansino, Benoît Burban, Jean-Yves Goret for work together in the field and lab, and the Botany & Plant Sciences Department of the University of California , Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Labex CEBA (Centre d’Etude de la Biodiversité Amazonienne; Investissement d’Avenir grant from the ANR, ANR-10-LABX-0025), and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Louis S. Santiago, Mark E. De Guzman & Eleinis Ávila-Lovera

  2. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama, Republic of Panama

    Louis S. Santiago

  3. INRA, UMR EEF—Université de Lorraine/INRA, 54280, Champenoux, France

    Damien Bonal

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  1. Louis S. Santiago
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Correspondence to Louis S. Santiago .

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA

    Guillermo Goldstein

  2. Department of Botany & Plant sciences, University of California, RIVERSIDE, California, USA

    Louis S. Santiago

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Santiago, L.S., Bonal, D., De Guzman, M.E., Ávila-Lovera, E. (2016). Drought Survival Strategies of Tropical Trees. In: Goldstein, G., Santiago, L. (eds) Tropical Tree Physiology. Tree Physiology, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27422-5_11

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