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Agrobiodiversity: The Importance of Inventories in the Assessment of Crop Diversity and Its Time and Spatial Changes

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Genetic Diversity and Erosion in Plants

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 8))

Abstract

In general, the absence of detailed knowledge of world biodiversity prevents the application of the methodological tools that could successfully assist in biodiversity conservation. Inventories are seen as a first step to assessing the biodiversity with respect to its richness and distribution patterns and to monitor its changes. Nevertheless, currently no comprehensive global inventory of species diversity exists. Our knowledge of biodiversity encompasses only 20 % of the total estimated number of species. Similar gaps could also be identified in the current understanding of crop diversity with a particular emphasis on the intraspecific diversity where a wide and comprehensive inventory is urgently required. Surveys are pivotal for the accumulation of knowledge required to populate agrobiodiversity inventories that are essential tools for creating effective mechanisms to monitor changes in the crop diversity and to estimate genetic erosion of predominantly threatened components of diversity, i.e., landraces. Our work aims to review the current state of agrobiodiversity inventories with particular emphasis on crop species and their intraspecific diversity. The complexity of crop diversity and the limitations of our knowledge with that respect are discussed. The need of inventorying and surveying at the species and below-species levels is reviewed. The ambiguity of landraces definition, which is a major component of intraspecific crop diversity, along with the distinct needs to design and execute their inventory strategies is debated. Crop diversity has a prospective use for agriculture and food production sustainability, crop improvement or crop adaptation to climatic changes, and therefore needs to be inventoried and protected against erosion and extinction. Finally, we present some inceptive attempts to advance ex situ and in situ landrace inventories.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Banco de Germoplasma ISOPlexis, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9050-290, Funchal, Portugal

    Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho & Jan Jacek Slaski

  2. ICAAM, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais e Agrárias do Mediterrâneo, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal

    Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho & Jan Jacek Slaski

  3. Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Penelope J. Bebeli

  4. Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta S. José, S. Pedro de Merelim, 4700-859, Braga, Portugal

    Ana Maria Barata da Silva

  5. Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, INIAV, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal

    Eliseu Bettencourt

  6. Bioresource Technologies, Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures, Hwy 16A & 75 Street Vegreville, Alberta, Canada

    Jan Jacek Slaski

  7. Biodiversity International, Via Dei Tre Denari, 472/a, 00057, Rome, Italy

    Sónia Dias

Authors
  1. Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho
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  2. Penelope J. Bebeli
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  3. Ana Maria Barata da Silva
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  4. Eliseu Bettencourt
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  5. Jan Jacek Slaski
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  6. Sónia Dias
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Correspondence to Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zobel Forestry Associates, New Paltz, New York, USA

    M.R. Ahuja

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

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de Carvalho, M.Â.A.P., Bebeli, P.J., da Silva, A.M.B., Bettencourt, E., Slaski, J.J., Dias, S. (2016). Agrobiodiversity: The Importance of Inventories in the Assessment of Crop Diversity and Its Time and Spatial Changes. In: Ahuja, M., Jain, S. (eds) Genetic Diversity and Erosion in Plants. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25954-3_9

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