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microRNAs and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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microRNA: Medical Evidence

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 888))

Abstract

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that through imperfect base-pairing with complementary sequences of target mRNA molecules, typically cleave target mRNA, causing subsequent degradation or translation inhibition. Although an increasing number of studies have identified misregulated miRNAs in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which suggests that alterations in the miRNA regulatory pathway could contribute to disease pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological implications of misregulated miRNA expression and the regulation of the key genes involved in NDDs remain largely unknown. In this chapter, we provide evidence of the function and regulation of miRNAs and their association with the neurological events in NDDs. This will help improve our understanding of how miRNAs govern the biological functions of key pathogenic genes in these diseases, which potentially regulate several pathways involved in the progression of neurodegeneration. Additionally, given the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of miRNAs, we discuss current clinical challenges to developing miRNA-based therapeutics for NDDs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore

    Lifeng Qiu & Li Zeng

  2. Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore, 169856, Singapore

    Eng King Tan

  3. Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore

    Eng King Tan & Li Zeng

  4. Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore

    Eng King Tan & Li Zeng

Authors
  1. Lifeng Qiu
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  2. Eng King Tan
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  3. Li Zeng
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Correspondence to Li Zeng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Gaetano Santulli

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Qiu, L., Tan, E.K., Zeng, L. (2015). microRNAs and Neurodegenerative Diseases. In: Santulli, G. (eds) microRNA: Medical Evidence. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 888. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_6

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