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Hard-Soft Tissue Interface Engineering

  • Chapter
Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 881))

Abstract

The musculoskeletal system is comprised of three distinct tissue categories: structural mineralized tissues, actuating muscular soft tissues, and connective tissues. Where connective tissues – ligament, tendon and cartilage – meet with bones, a graded interface in mechanical properties occurs that allows the transmission of load without creating stress concentrations that would cause tissue damage. This interface typically occurs over less than 1 mm and contains a three order of magnitude difference in elastic stiffness, in addition to changes in cell type and growth factor concentrations among others. Like all engineered tissues, the replication of these interfaces requires the production of scaffolds that will provide chemical and mechanical cues, resulting in biologically accurate cellular differentiation. For interface tissues however, the scaffold must provide spatially graded chemical and mechanical cues over sub millimetre length scales. Naturally, this complicates the manufacture of the scaffolds and every stage of their subsequent cell seeding and growth, as each region has different optimal conditions. Given the higher degree of difficulty associated with replicating interface tissues compared to surrounding homogeneous tissues, it is likely that the development of complex musculoskeletal tissue systems will continue to be limited by the engineering of connective tissues interfaces with bone.

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  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Oliver E. Armitage & Michelle L. Oyen Ph.D.

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  1. Oliver E. Armitage
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  2. Michelle L. Oyen Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Michelle L. Oyen Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

    Luiz E. Bertassoni

  2. Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York, USA

    Paulo G. Coelho

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Armitage, O.E., Oyen, M.L. (2015). Hard-Soft Tissue Interface Engineering. In: Bertassoni, L., Coelho, P. (eds) Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 881. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_11

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