Abstract
Beagle is an automated theorem prover for first-order logic modulo built-in theories. It implements a refined version of the hierarchic superposition calculus. This system description focuses on Beagle ’s proof procedure, background reasoning facilities, implementation, and experimental results.
NICTA is funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Communications and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence Program.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Due to a lack of space, we can only give a brief overview of the calculus and of the semantics of hierarchic specifications. We refer to [7] for the details.
- 2.
Abstracting out a term t that occurs in a clause C[t] means replacing C[t] by \(x \not \approx t \vee C[x]\) for a new variable x.
- 3.
E.g., the GEG-problems in the TPTP problem library.
- 4.
- 5.
For this we used the difficulty ratings given for SMT-Comp 2014.
- 6.
For an explanation of how mean efficiency is computed see the CASC-J7 proceedings [18].
References
Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H.: Rewrite-based equational theorem proving with selection and simplification. J. Logic Comput. 4(3), 217–247 (1994)
Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H., Waldmann, U.: Refutational theorem proving for hierarchic first-order theories. Appl. Algebra Eng. Commun. Comput 5, 193–212 (1994)
Barrett, C., Conway, C.L., Deters, M., Hadarean, L., Jovanović, D., King, T., Reynolds, A., Tinelli, C.: CVC4. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 171–177. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Barrett, C., Stump, A., Tinelli, C.: The SMT-LIB Standard: Version 2.0. In: Gupta, A., Kroening, D.(eds.) SMT Workshop (2010)
Baumgartner, P.: SMTtoTPTP - A converter for theorem proving formats. In: Felty, A., Middeldorp, A. (eds.) CADE-25. LNCS(LNAI), pp. 152–169. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Baumgartner, P., Bax, J., Waldmann, U.: Finite quantification in hierarchic theorem proving. In: Demri, S., Kapur, D., Weidenbach, C. (eds.) IJCAR 2014. LNCS, vol. 8562, pp. 152–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Baumgartner, P., Waldmann, U.: Hierarchic superposition with weak abstraction. In: Bonacina, M.P. (ed.) CADE 2013. LNCS, vol. 7898, pp. 39–57. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Cooper, D.C.: Theorem proving in arithmetic without multiplication. In: Machine Intelligence, vol. 7, pp. 91–99. American Elsevier, New York (1972)
Dutertre, B., de Moura, L.: A fast linear-arithmetic solver for DPLL(T). In: Ball, T., Jones, R.B. (eds.) CAV 2006. LNCS, vol. 4144, pp. 81–94. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Harrison, J.: Handbook of Practical Logic and Automated Reasoning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)
Kruglov, E., Weidenbach, C.: Superposition decides the first-order logic fragment over ground theories. Mathematics in Computer Science, pp. 1–30 (2012)
de Moura, L., Bjørner, N.S.: Z3: an efficient SMT solver. In: Ramakrishnan, C.R., Rehof, J. (eds.) TACAS 2008. LNCS, vol. 4963, pp. 337–340. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Prevosto, V., Waldmann, U.: SPASS+T. In: Sutcliffe, G., Schmidt, R., Schulz, S. (eds.) ESCoR: Empirically Successful Computerized Reasoning. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 18–33. Seattle, WA, USA (2006)
Pugh, W.: The Omega test: a fast and practical integer programming algorithm for dependence analysis. In: ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, pp. 4–13. ACM (1991)
Rümmer, P.: A constraint sequent calculus for first-order logic with linear integer arithmetic. In: Cervesato, I., Veith, H., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5330, pp. 274–289. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
SMT-LIB, The Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library. http://smt-lib.org/
Sutcliffe, G.: The TPTP problem library and associated infrastructure: the FOF and CNF Parts, v3.5.0. J. Autom. Reasoning 43(4), 337–362 (2009)
Sutcliffe, G.: The 7th IJCAR automated theorem proving system competition - CASC-J7. AI Communications, 28 (2015). To appear
Sutcliffe, G., Schulz, S., Claessen, K., Baumgartner, P.: The TPTP typed first-order form with arithmetic. In: Bjørner, N., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR-18 2012. LNCS, vol. 7180, pp. 406–419. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Baumgartner, P., Bax, J., Waldmann, U. (2015). Beagle – A Hierarchic Superposition Theorem Prover. In: Felty, A., Middeldorp, A. (eds) Automated Deduction - CADE-25. CADE 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9195. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21401-6_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21401-6_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21400-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21401-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)