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Caries

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Genomics, Personalized Medicine and Oral Disease

Abstract

Dental caries (tooth decay) continues to be a major public health problem, affecting a majority of children and adults worldwide. Disease burden and associated co-morbidities are concentrated in vulnerable populations and especially in children, which has made reducing dental caries a focal issue for alleviating health disparities. The disease process involves a complex interplay between environment, microbial flora, and host, with many moderating factors influencing susceptibility to dental caries. Among the most important of these is host genetics, which accounts for 30–70 % of interpersonal variation in dental caries experience. Our understanding of the role of genetic variation in influencing susceptibility to dental caries is far from complete, however, all evidence points to an extremely complex etiology that presents challenges to personalized medicine applications. In this chapter, our goal is to review the human genetics and genomics literature with an emphasis on the areas that may impact the clinical application of the personalized medicine model for the prevention or treatment of dental caries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    John R. Shaffer PhD & Mary L. Marazita

  2. Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Mary L. Marazita

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Mary L. Marazita

Authors
  1. John R. Shaffer PhD
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  2. Mary L. Marazita
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Correspondence to John R. Shaffer PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Stephen T. Sonis, DMD, DMSc

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Shaffer, J., Marazita, M. (2015). Caries. In: Sonis, DMD, DMSc, S. (eds) Genomics, Personalized Medicine and Oral Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17942-1_6

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