Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction to Meta-Analysis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Leadership and Organizational Outcomes

Abstract

As a means to synthesize the results of multiple studies, the chronological development of the meta-analysis method was in parallel to a variety of definitions in the literature. Meta-analysis can be defined in different ways: as a means of summarizing and combining the quantitative results of research or as a method used to reach the quantitative effect size based on individual studies. Meta-analysis uses many quantitative approaches and calculation formulas when compiling multiple research findings. In this sense, no researcher needs to be an expert in all types and calculation formulas for all types of meta-analysis. However, if the researcher lacks familiarity with at least some of the main concepts of meta-analysis, then the correct results may not be obtained. This chapter aims to explain some of the main concepts of meta-analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, H. (1998). Synthesizing research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1994). Handbook of research synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A. (1995). Reading and understanding multivariate statistics. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duval, S. (2005). The trim and fill method. In H. R. Rothstein, A. J. Sutton, & M. Bornstein (Eds.), Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment, and adjustments (pp. 11–33). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56, 455–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G., McGaw, B., & Smith, M. L. (1981). Meta-analysis in social research. Beverly Hills, LA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G. V., & Smith, M. K. (1978). Meta-analysis of research on the relationship of class size and achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1, 2–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical method for meta-analysis. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, R. (1979). Differential validity of employment tests by race: A comprehensive review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 721–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulinskaya, E., Morgenthaler, S., & Staudte, R. G. (2008). Meta analysis: A guide to calibrating and combining statistical evidence. London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, R. J., & Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Summing up: The science of reviewing research. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littel, H. J., Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. (2008). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Petitti, D. B. (2000). Meta analysis, decision analysis and cost effectiveness analysis: Methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance of null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1979). Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 studies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 377–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey

    Nazım Çoğaltay

  2. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Engin Karadağ

Authors
  1. Nazım Çoğaltay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Engin Karadağ
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nazım Çoğaltay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Odunpazari, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Engin Karadağ

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Çoğaltay, N., Karadağ, E. (2015). Introduction to Meta-Analysis. In: Karadağ, E. (eds) Leadership and Organizational Outcomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14908-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation