Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted as a major way forward to make agriculture sustainable by protecting soils from degradation processes. The focus of this chapter is on nutrient management in CA. Special attention is given to crop management and its effect on nutrient management with particular emphasis on the three major principles of CA—tillage, crop rotation, and residue management. Nutrient management has received little attention in CA despite the fact that it has a direct effect not only on crop yield but also on the tolerance of crop plants to pests. Further research on nutrient management could increase the adoption of CA worldwide. In this chapter, nutrient management in CA is discussed and proposed as the fourth principle of CA. Breeding genotypes for better nutrient-use efficiency in CA is also important, as is the control of weeds, insect pests, and diseases. In addition, the appropriate use of fertilizer and nutrients is essential to increase crop productivity and to produce sufficient crop residues in the different climates that CA is practiced.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Afif E, Barrón V, Torrent J (1995) Organic matter delays but does not prevent phosphate sorption by cerrado soils from Brazil. Soil Sci 159:207–211
Agrios NG (2005) Plant pathology, 5th edn. Elsevier Academic, San Diego, p 635
Astier M, Maass JM, Etchevers-Barra JD, Pena JJ, Gonzalez FD (2006) Short-term green manure and tillage management effects on maize yield and soil quality in an Andisol. Soil Till Res 88:153–159
Atkinson D, McKinlay RG (1997) Crop protection and its integration within sustainable farming systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 64:87–93
Baligar VC, Fageria NK (1999) Plant nutrient use efficiency: towards the second paradigm. In: Siqueira JO, Moreira FMS, Lopes AS, Guilherme LRG, Farquin V, Furtini Neto AE, Carvalho JG (eds) Soil fertility, soil biology and plant nutrition interrelationships. Brazilian Soil Science Society/ Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, pp 183–204
Baligar VC, Fageria NK, He ZL (2001) Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 32:921–950
Balota EL, Colozzi A, Andrade DS, Dick RP (2004) Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Till Res 77:137–145
Bardgett RD, Cook R (1998) Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural grasslands. Appl Soil Ecol 10:263–276
Barraclough PB, Howarth JR, Jones J, Lopez-Bellido R, Parmar S, Shepherd CE, Hawkesford MJ (2010) Nitrogen efficiency of wheat: genotypic and environmental variation and prospects for improvement. Europ J Agron 33:1–11
Beare MH, Hendrix PF, Coleman DC (1994) Water-stable aggregates and organic-matter fractions in conventional-tillage and no-tillage soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:777–786
Bell M, Seymour N, Stirling GR, Stirling AM, Van Zwieten L, Vancov T, Sutton G, Moody P (2006) Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia. Aust J Soil Res 44:433–451
Bhatti JS, Comerford NB, Johnston CT (1998) Influence of oxalate and soil organic matter on sorption and desorption of phosphate onto a Spodic horizon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:1089–1095
Blamey FPC (2001) The role of root cell wall in aluminum toxicity. In: Ae N, Arihara J, Okada K, Srinivasan A (eds) Plant nutrient acquisition: new perspectives. Springer, Tokyo, pp 201–226
Blevins RL, Thomas GW, Cornelius PL (1977) Influence of no-tillage and nitrogen-fertilization on certain soil properties after 5 years of continuous corn. Agr J 69:383–386
Bockus WW, Shroyer JP (1998) The impact of reduced tillage on soil-borne plant pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 36:485–500
Borie F, Rubio R, Rouanet JL, Morales A, Borie G, Rojas C (2006) Effects of tillage systems on soil characteristics, glomalin and mycorrhizal propagules in a Chilean Ultisol. Soil Till Res 88:253–261
Bradford JM, Peterson GA (2000) Conservation tillage. In: Sumner ME (ed) Handbook of soil science. CRC, Boca Raton, pp G247–G269
Brown LR (2006) Plan B 2.0: rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. W.W. Norton & Company, New York
Burkert B, Robson A (1994) Zn-65 uptake in subterranean clover (Trifolium-Subterraneum L) by 3 vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi in a root-free sandy soil. Soil Biol Biochem 26:1117–1124
Burle B, Mielniczuk J, Focchi S (1997) Effect of cropping systems on soil chemical characteristics, with emphasis on soil acidiification. Plant Soil 190:309–316
Carpenter-Boggs L, Stahl PD, Lindstrom MJ, Schumacher TE (2003) Soil microbial properties under permanent grass, conventional tillage, and no-till management in south Dakota. Soil Till Res 71:15–23
Carter MR (1994) Strategies to overcome impediments to adoption of conservation tillage. In: Carter MR (ed) Conservation tillage in temperate agroecosystems. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 1–22
Carter MR, Mele PM (1992) Changes in microbial biomass and structural stability at the surface of a duplex soil under direct drilling and stubble retention in North-Eastern victoria. Aust J Soil Res 30:493–503
Carter MR, Sanderson JB, Ivany JA, White RP (2002) Influence of rotation and tillage on forage maize productivity, weed species and soil quality of a fine sandy loam in the cool-humid climate of Atlantic Canada. Soil Till Res 67:85–98
Cherr CM, Scholberg JMS, McSorley R (2006) Green manure approaches to crop production: a synthesis. Agron J 98:302–319
Christensen NB, Lindemann WC, Salazarsosa E, Gill LR (1994) Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in no-till and stubble mulch tillage systems. Agr J 86:298–303
Clark RB, Duncan RR (1991) Improvement of plant mineral nutrition through breeding. Field Crops Res 27:219–240
Coleman DC, Reid CPP, Cole CV (1983) Biological strategies of nutrient cycling in soil systems. Adv Ecol Res 13:1–55
Cook RJ (1990) Twenty-five years of progress towards biological control. In: Hornby D (ed) Biological control of soil borne pathogens. CAB International, Wallingford pp 1–14
Correa OS, Aranda A, Barneix AJ (2001) Effects of pH on growth and nodulation of two forage legumes. J Plant Nutr 24:1367–1375
Crutchfield DA, Wicks GA, Burnside OC (1986) Effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw mulch level on weed control. Weed Sci 34:110–114
Davis RL, Patton JJ, Teal RK, Tang Y, Humphreys MT, Mosali J, Girman J, Lawles JM, Moges SM, Malapati A, Si J, Zhang H, Deng S, Johnson GV, Mullen RW, Raun WR (2003) Nitrogen balance in the magruder plots following 109 years in continuous winter wheat. J Plant Nutr 26:1561–1580
de Ruiter PC, Neutel AM, Moore JC (1998) Biodiversity in soil ecosystems: the role of energy flow and community stability. Appl Soil Ecol 10:217–228
Debaeke P, Rouet P, Justes E (2006) Relationship between the normalized SPAD index and the nitrogen nutrition index: application to durum wheat. J Plant Nutr 29:75–92
Dhugga KS, Waines JG (1989) Analysis of nitrogen accumulation and use in bread and durum wheat. Crop Sci 29:132–139
Diamond J (2005) Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed. Penguin Books, New York
Dick RP (1992) A review: long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters. Agric Ecosyst Environ 40:25–36
Doran JW (1980) Soil microbial and biochemical-changes associated with reduced tillage. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:765–771
Dordas C (2008) Role of nutrients in controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture: a review. Agron Sustain Develop 28:33–46
Dordas CA (2011) Nitrogen nutrition index and its relationship to N use efficiency in linseed. Europ J Agron 34:124–132
Dordas C, Sioulas C (2008) Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crop Prod 27:75–85
Dordas CA, Lithourgidis AS, Matsi Th, Barbayiannis N (2008) Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, and partitioning in maize. Nutr Cycl Agroecosystems 80:283–296
Du Preez CC, Steyn JT, Kotze E (2001) Long-term effects of wheat residue management on some fertility indicators of a semi-arid Plinthosol. Soil Till Res 63:25–33
Duiker SW, Beegle DB (2006) Soil fertility distributions in long-term no-till, chisel/disk and moldboard plow/disk systems. Soil Till Res 88:30–41
Duncan RR (1994) Genetic manipulation. In: Wilkinson RE (ed) Plant environment interactions, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1–38
Duncan RR. Carrow RN (1999) Turfgrass molecular genetic improvement for abiotic/edaphi stress resistance. Adv Agron 67:233–306
Eckert DJ, Johnson JW (1985) Phosphorus fertilization in no-tillage corn production. Agron J 77:789–792
Epstein E, Bloom AJ (2005) Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associations, Inc, Sunderland
Erbach DC, Lovely WG (1975) Effect of plant residue on herbicide performance in no-tillage corn Weed Sci 23:512–515
Erenstein O (2002) Crop residue mulching in tropical and semi-tropical countries: an evaluation of residue availability and other technological implications. Soil Till Res 67:115–133
Etana A, Hakansson I, Zagal E, Bucas S (1999) Effects of tillage depth on organic carbon content and physical properties in five Swedish soils. Soil Till Res 52:129–139
Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2005) Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Adv Agron 88: 97–185
Fageria NK, Slaton NA, Baligar VC (2003) Nutrient management for improving lowland rice productivity and sustainability. Adv Agron 80:63–152
Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Clark RB (2006) Physiology of crop production. The Haworth Press, New York
Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Li YC (2008) The role of nutrient efficient plants in improving crop yields in the twenty first century. J Plant Nutr 31:1121–1157
FAO (2001) Conservation agriculture case studies in Latin America and Africa. Introduction. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 78. FAO, Rome
Fernandez MR, Zentner RP, McConkey BG, Campbell CA (1998) Effects of crop rotations and fertilizer management on leaf spotting diseases of spring wheat in southwestern Saskatchewan. Can J Plant Sci 78: 489–496
Follett RF, Peterson GA (1988) Surface soil nutrient distribution as affected by wheat-fallow tillage systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:141–147
Follett RF, Schimel DS (1989) Effect of tillage on microbial biomass dynamics. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53:1091–1096
Fontes MR, Weed SB, Bowen LH (1992) Association of microcrystalline goethite and humic acid in some Oxisols from Brazil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 56:982–990
Forcella F, Buhler DD, McGiffen ME (1994) Pest management and crop residues. In: Hatfield JL, Stewart BA (eds) Crop residue management, Adv Soil Sci CRC, N W Boca Raton, pp 173–189
Foulkes MJ, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott RK (1998) Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization of applied fertiliser nitrogen. J Agric Sci Camb 130: 29–44
Foy CD (1984) Physiological effects of hydrogen aluminum and manganese toxicities in acid soils In: Adams F (ed) Soil acidity and liming, 2nd edn. SSSA ASA and CSSA, Madison, pp 57–97
Foy CD (1992) Soil chemical factors limiting plant root growth. Adv Soil Sciences 19:97–149
Franzluebbers AJ (2002) Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth. Soil Till Res 66:197–205
Franzluebbers AJ, Hons FM (1996) Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant available nutrients under conventional and no tillage. Soil Till Res 39:229–239
Galantini JA, Landriscini MR, Iglesias JO, Miglierina AM, Rosell RA (2000) The effects of crop rotation and fertilization on wheat productivity in the Pampean semiarid region of Argentina. Nutrient balance, yield and grain quality. Soil Till Res 53:137–144
Gifford RMJ, Thorne H, Hitz W, Giaquinta RT (1984) Crop productivity and photoassimilate partitioning. Science 225:801–808
Govaerts B, Sayre KD, Ceballos-Ramirez JM, Luna-Guido ML, Limon-Ortega A, Deckers J, Dendooven L (2006) Conventionally tilled and permanent raised beds with different crop residue management: effects on soil C and N dynamics. Plant Soil 280:143–155
Govaerts B, Mezzalama M, Unno Y, Sayre KD, Luna-Guido M, Vanherck K, Dendooven L, Deckers J (2007a) Influence of tillage residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity. App Soil Ecol 37:18–30
Govaerts B, Sayre KD, Lichter K, Dendooven L, Deckers J (2007b) Influence of permanent raised bed planting and residue management on physical and chemical soil quality in rainfed maize/wheat systems. Plant Soil 291:39–54
Govaerts B, Mezzalama M, Sayre KD, Crossa J, Lichter K, Troch V, Vanherck K, De Corte P, Deckers J (2008) Long-term consequences of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on selected soil micro-flora groups in the subtropical highlands. Appl Soil Ecol 38:197–210
Graham DR (1983) Effects of nutrients stress on susceptibility of plants to disease with particular reference to the trace elements. Adv Bot Res 10:221–276
Graham DR, Webb MJ (1991). Micronutrients and disease resistance and tolerance in plants. In: Mortvedt JJ, Cox FR, Shuman LM, Welch RM (eds) Micronutrients in agriculture, 2nd edn. Soil Science Society of America Inc, Madison, pp 329–370
Graham MH, Haynes RJ, Meyer JH (2002) Soil organic matter content and quality: effects of fertilizer applications, burning and trash retention on a long-term sugarcane experiment in South Africa. Soil Biol Biochem 34:93–102
Hadas A, Kautsky L, Goek M, Kara EE (2004) Rates of decomposition of plant residues and available nitrogen in soil, related to residue composition through simulation of carbon and nitrogen turnover. Soil Biol Biochem 36:255–266
Hanson JD, Liebig MA, Merrill SD, Tanaka DL, Krupinsky JM, Stott DE (2007) Dynamic cropping systems: increasing adaptability amid an uncertain future. Agron J 99:939–943
Hendrix PF, Parmelee RW, Crossley DA, Coleman DC, Odum EP, Groffman PM (1986) detritus food webs in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Bioscience 36:374–380
Hillel D, Rosenzweig C (2005) The role of biodiversity in agronomy. Adv Agron 88:1–34
Hirel B, LeGouis J, Ney B, Gallais A (2007) The challenge of improving nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants: towards a more central role for genetic variability and quantitative genetics within integrated approaches. J Exp Bot 58:2369–2387
Ho LC (1988) Metabolism and compartmentation of imported sugars in sink organs in relation to sink strength. Ann Rev Plant Phys Plant Mol Biol 39:355–378
Hobbs PR (2007) Conservation agriculture: what is it and why is it important for future sustainable food production? J Agric Sci 145:127–137
Hobbs PR, Govaerts B (2010) How conservation agriculture can contribute to buffering climate change. In: Reynolds MP (ed) Climate change and crop production. CAB International, Cambridge, USA, pp 177–199
Hobbs PR, Gupta RK (2003) Resource conserving technologies for wheat in the rice–wheat system. In: Ladha JK, Hill J, Gupta RK, Duxbury JM, Buresh RJ (eds) Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat systems: issues and impact. American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Madison, pp 149–171
Hobbs PR, Gupta RK (2004) Problems and challenges of no-till farming for the rice-wheat systems of the Indo–Gangetic Plains in South Asia. In: Lal R, Hobbs P, Uphoff N, Hansen DO (eds) Sustainable agriculture and the rice–wheat system. Ohio State University and Marcel Dekker, Inc, Ohio, pp 101–119
Höflich G, Tauschke M, Kuhn G, Werner K, Frielinghaus M, Hohn W (1999) Influence of longterm conservation tillage on soil and rhizosphere microorganisms. Biol Fert Soils 29:81–86
Huber DM (1980) The role of mineral nutrition in defense. In: Horsfall JG, Cowling EB (eds) Plant disease an advanced treatise volume 5 how plants defend themselves. Academic, New York, pp 381–406
Huber DM, Graham RD (1999) The role of nutrition in crop resistance and tolerance to disease In: Rengel Z (ed) Mineral nutrition of crops fundamental mechanisms and implications. Food Product, New York, pp 205–226
Hulugalle NR, Entwistle P (1997) Soil properties, nutrient uptake and crop growth in an irrigated Vertisol after nine years of minimum tillage. Soil Till Res 42:15–32
Ismail I, Blevins RL, Frye WW (1994) Long-term no-tillage effects on soil properties and continuous corn yields. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:193–198
Iyamuremye F, Dick RP (1996) Organic ammendments and phosphorus sorption by soils Adv Agron 56:139–185
Johnson MD, Wyse DL, Lueschen WE (1989) The influence of herbicide formulation on weed control in four tillage systems. Weed Sci 37:239–249
Jowkin V, Schoenau JJ (1998) Impact of tillage and landscape position on nitrogen availability and yield of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Can J Soil Sci 78:563–572
Jung WS, Kim KH, Ahn JK, Hahn SJ, Chung IM (2004) Allelopathic potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) residues against Echinochloa crusgalli. Crop Protect 23:211–218
Kandeler E, Tscherko D, Spiegel H (1999) Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management. Biol Fert Soils 28:343–351
Kay BD (1990) Rates of change of soil structure under different cropping systems. Adv Soil Sci 12:1–52
Kennedy AC (1999) Soil microorganisms for weed management J Crop Prod 2:123–138
Kladivko EJ (2001) Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Till Res 61:61–76
Knudsen IMB, Hockenhull J, Jensen DF (1995) Biocontrol of seedling diseases of barley and wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana: effects of selected fungal antagonists on growth and yield components. Plant Pathol 44:467–477
Krauss A (29 June–2 July 1999) Balanced nutrition and biotic stress. IFA Agricultural Conference on Managing Plant Nutrition, Spain
Kristensen HL, McCarty GW, Meisinger JJ (2000) Effects of soil structure disturbance on mineralization of organic soil nitrogen. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:371–378
Krupinsky JM, Bailey KL, McMullen MP, Gossen BD, Turkington TK (2002) Managing plant disease risk in diversified cropping systems Agron J 94:198–209
Kumar K, Goh KM (2002) Management practices of antecedent leguminous and non-leguminous crop residues in relation to winter wheat yields, nitrogen uptake, soil nitrogen mineralization and simple nitrogen balance. Eur J Agr 16:295–308
Kushwaha CP, Tripathi SK, Singh KP (2000) Variations in soil microbial biomass and N availability due to residue and tillage management in a dryland rice agroecosystem. Soil Till Res 56:153–166
Lal R, Logan TJ, Fausey NR (1990) Long-term tillage effects on a mollic ochraqualf in NorthWest Ohio. 3. Soil Nutrient Profile. Soil Till Res 15:371–382
Larney FJ, Bremer E, Janzen HH, Johnston AM, Lindwall CW (1997) Changes in total, mineralizable and light fraction soil organic matter with cropping and tillage intensities in semiarid southern Alberta, Canada. Soil Till Res 42:229–240
Larue TA, Patterson TG (1981) How much nitrogen does legume fix? Adv Agron 34:15–38
LeGouis J, Beghin D, Heumez E, Pluchard P (2000) Genetic differences for nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilisation efficiencies in winter wheat. Eur J Agron 12:163–173
Lemaire G, Gastal F (2009) Quantifying crop response to nitrogen deficiency and avenues to improve nitrogen use efficiency. In: Sadras V, Calderini D (eds) Crop physiology: applications for genetic improvements and agronomy. Elsevier Academic, California, pp 171–211
Lemaire G, Jeuffroy MH, Gastal F (2008) Diagnosis tool for plant and crop N status in vegetative stage theory and practices for crop N management. Eur J Agron 28:614–624
Lewandowski I, Hardtlein M, Kaltschmitt M (1999) Sustainable crop production: Definition and methodological approach for assessing and implementing sustainability. Crop Science 39:184–193
Li XL, Marschner H, George E (1991) Acquisition of phosphorus and copper by va-Mycorrhizal Hyphae and root-to-shoot transport in white clover. Plant Soil 136:49–57
Lichter K, Govaerts B, Six J, Sayre KD, Deckers J, Dendooven L (2008) Aggregation and C and N contents of soil organic matter fractions in a permanent raised-bed planting system in the highlands of Central Mexico. Plant Soil 305:237–252
Lodhi MAK, Malik KA (1987) Allelopathy in agroecosystems: wheat phytotoxicity and its possible role in crop rotation. J Chem Ecol 13:1881–1891
Lynch J (1995) Root architecture and plant productivity. Plant Physiol 109: 7–13
Maas EV (1986) Salt tolerance of Plants. App Agric Res 1:12–26
Mackay AD, Kladivko EJ, Barber SA, Griffith DR (1987) Phosphorus and potassium uptake by corn in conservation tillage systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 51:970–974
Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic, London, pp 889–1995
McCarthy AJ (1987) Lignocellulose-degrading Actinomycetes. Fems Microbiol Rev 46:145–163
Mengel KE, Kirkbay A, Kosegarten H, Appel T (2001) Principles of plant nutrition,5th edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht the Netherlands
Moll RHE, Kamprath J, Jackson WA (1982) Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agron J 74: 562–564
Moretto AS, Distel RA, Didone NG (2001) Decomposition and nutrient dynamic of leaf litter and roots from palatable and unpalatable grasses in a semi-arid grassland. Appl Soil Ecol 18:31–37
Mousques C, Friedrich T (2007) Conservation agriculture in china and the democratic people’s republic of Korea. FAO crop and grassland service working paper, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Musick GJ, Beasley LE (1978) Effect of crop residue management system on pest problems in field corn (Zea mays L.) production. In: Oshwald WR (ed) Crop residue management systems. ASA Special Publication 31, Madison, pp 173–186
Muurinen S, Slafer GA, Peltonen-Sainio P (2006) Breeding effects on nitrogen use efficiency of spring cereals under Northern conditions. Crop Sci 46:561–568
Nicolardot B, Recous S, Mary B (2001) Simulation of C and N mineralisation during crop residue decomposition: A simple dynamic model based on the C: N ratio of the residues. Plant Soil 228:83–103
Nurbekov A (2008) Manual on Conservation agriculture practices in Uzbekistan. ABU Matbuot-Consult, Tashkent, pp 40
O’Leary N, Smith ME (1999) Breeding corn for adaptation to two diverse intercropping companions. Am J Altern Agric 14: 158–164
O’Leary N, Smith ME (2004) Uncovering corn adaptation to intercrop with bean by selecting for system yield in the intercrop environment. Am J Altern Agric 24:109–121
Oborn I, Edwards AC, Witter E, Oenema O, Ivarsson K, Withers PJA, Nilsson SI, Richert Stinzing A (2003) Element balances as a toll for sustainable nutrient management: a critical appraisal of their merits and limitations within an agronomic and environmental context. Europ J Agron 20: 211–225
Okada K, Fischer AJ (2001) Adaptation mechanisms of upland rice genotypes to highly weathered acid soils of South American Savannah’s. In: N Ae, J Arihara, K Okada, A Srinivasan (eds) Plant nutrient acquisition: new perspectives. Springer, Tokyo, pp 185–200
Ortiz-Monasterio JI, Sayre RKD, Rajaram S, McMahon M (1997) Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency under four nitrogen rates. Crop Sci 37:898–904
Palm CA, Giller KE, Mafongoya PL, Swift MJ (2001) Management of organic matter in the tropics: translating theory into practice. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 61:63–75
Papastylianou I (1999) Estimation of nitrogen fixed by legumes in long‐term vs short‐term cropping systems. Agron J 91:329–334
Parkinson D (1994) Filamentous fungi. In: Weaver RW, Angle JS, Bottomley P, Bezdicek D, Smith S, Tabatabai A, Wollum AG (eds) Methods of soil analysis: microbiological and biochemical properties. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 329–350
Piekielek WL, Fox RH (1992) Use of chlorophyll meter to predict sidedress nitrogen requirements for maize. Agron J 84:59–65
Postgate JR, Hills S (1979) Microbial ecology. Blackwell, Oxford
Powlson DS, Jenkinson DS (1981) A comparison of the organic matter, biomass, adenosine triphosphate and mineralizable nitrogen contents of ploughed and direct drilled soils. J Agric Sci 97:713–721
Prost L, Jeuffroy MH (2007) Replacing the nitrogen nutrition index by the chlorophyll meter to assess wheat N status. Agron Sustain Develop 27:1–10
Qin RJ, Stamp P, Richner W (2004) Impact of tillage on root systems of winter wheat. Agr J 96:1523–1530
Rahman MH, Okubo A, Sugiyama S, Mayland HF (2008) Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of an Andisol as related to land use and tillage practice. Soil Till Res 101:10–19
Randall GW, Iragavarapu TK (1995) Impact of long-term tillage systems for continuous corn on nitrate leaching to tile drainage. J Environ Qual 24:360–366
Raun WR, Johnson GV (1999) Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agron J 91:357–363
Reid LM, Zhu X, Ma BL (2001) Crop rotation and nitrogen effects on maize susceptibility to gibberella (Fusarium graminearum) ear rot. Plant Soil 237:1–14
Rice CW, Smith MS (1984) Short-term immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen at the surface of no-till and plowed soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48:295–297
Rice CW, Smith MS, Blevins RL (1986) Soil nitrogen availability after long-term continuous no-tillage and conventional tillage corn production. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:1206–1210
Richardson AE (2001) Prospects for using soil microorganisms to improve the acquisition of phosphorus by plants. Aust J Plant Phys 28:897–906
Robbins SG, Voss RD (1991) Phosphorus and potassium stratification in conservation tillage systems. J Soil Water Conserv 46:298–300
Roldan A, Salinas-Garcia JR, Alguacil MM, Caravaca F (2007) Soil sustainability indicators following conservation tillage practices under subtropical maize and bean crops. Soil Till Res 93:273–282
Ross MA, Lembi CA (1985) Applied weed science. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York
Sainju UM, Senwo ZN, Nyakatawa EZ, Tazisong IA, Reddy KC (2008) Soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration as affected by long-term tillage, cropping systems, and nitrogen fertilizer sources. Agr Ecosyst Environ 127:234–240
Salinas-García JR, Velázquez-García JD, Gallardo-Valdez A, Díaz-Mederos P, Caballero-Hernández F, Tapia-Vargas LM, Rosales-Robles E (2002) Tillage effects on microbial biomass and nutrient distribution in soils under rain-fed corn production in central-western Mexico. Soil Till Res 66:143–152
Sanchez PA, Shepherd KD, Soule MJ, Place FM, Buresh RJ, Izac AM, Mokwunye AU, Kwesiga FR, Ndiritu CG, Woomer PL (1997) Soil fertility replenishment in Africa: an investment in natural resource capital. In: Buresh RJ, Sanchez PA, Calhoun F (eds) Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 1–46
Schoenau JJ, Campbell CA (1996) Impact of crop residues on nutrient availability in conservation tillage systems. Can J Plant Sci 76:621–626
Scopel E, Da Silva FA, Corbeels M, Affholder FO, Maraux F (2004) Modeling crop residue mulching effects on water use and production of maize under semi-arid and humid tropical conditions. Agronomie 24:383–395
Simmons BL, Coleman DC (2008) Microbial community response to transition from conventional to conservation tillage in cotton fields. Appl Soil Ecol 40:518–528
Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, Paustian K (2002) Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil 241:155–176
Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnson CT, Sumner ME (1996) Methods of soil analysis: part 3-chemical methods, 2nd edn. ASA and SSSA, Madison (Agron Monogr 9)
Standley J, Hunter HM, Thomas GA, Blight GW, Webb AA (1990) Tillage and crop residue management affect vertisol properties and grain-sorghum growth over 7 years in the semiarid subtropics. 2. Changes in soil properties. Soil Till Res 18:367–388
Steinsiek JW, Oliver LR, Collins F (1982) Allelopathic potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw on selected weed species. Weed Sci 30:495–497
Steyn PL, Delwiche CC (1970) Nitrogen fixation by nonsymbiotic microorganisms in some California soils. Environ Sci Tech 4:1122–1128
Stinner BR, House GJ (1990) Arthropods and other invertebrates in conservationtillage agriculture. Annual Rev Entomol 35:299–318
Stone AG, Scheuerell SJ, Darby HD (2004) Suppression of soilborne diseases in field agricultural systems: organic matter management cover cropping and other cultural practices. In: Magdoff F, Weil RR (eds) Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture. CRC, London
Sturz AV, Carter MR, Johnston HW (1997) A review of plant disease pathogen interactions and microbial antagonism under conservation tillage in temperate humid agriculture. Soil Till Res 41: 169–189
Thomas RJ, Asakawa NM (1993) Decomposition of leaf-litter from tropical forage grasses and legumes. Soil Biol Biochem 25:1351–1361
Trinsoutrot I, Recous S, Bentz B, Lineres M, Cheneby D, Nicolardot B (2000) Biochemical quality of crop residues and carbon and nitrogen mineralization kinetics under nonlimiting nitrogen conditions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:918–926
Unger PW (1991) Organic-matter, nutrient, and ph distribution in no-tillage and conventional-tillage semiarid soils. Agron J 83:186–189
van Elsas JD, Trevors JT, Wellington EMH (1997) Modern soil microbiology. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
Vanlauwe B, Nwoke OC, Sanginga N, Merckx R (1996) Impact of residue quality on the C and N mineralization of leaf and root residues of three agroforestry species. Plant Soil 183:221–231
Vanlauwe BJ, Wendt KE, Giller M, Corbeels B, Gerard C, Noltega A (2014) A fourth principle is required to define conservation agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: the appropriate use of fertilizer to enhance crop productivity. Field Crops Res 155:10–13
Verachtert E, Govaerts B, Lichter K, Sayre KD, Ceballos-Ramirez JM, Luna- Guido ML, Deckers J, Dendooven L (2009) Short term changes in dynamics of C and N in soil when crops are cultivated on permanent raised beds. Plant Soil 320:281–293
Verhulst N, Govaerts B, Verachtert E, Castellanos-Navarrete A, Mezzalama M, Wall P, Deckers J, Sayre KD (2010) Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems? In: Lal R, Stewart BA (eds) Advances in soil science: food security and soil quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 137–208
Welch RM, Alloway WH, House WA, Kubota J (1991) Geographic distribution of trace element problems. In: Mortvedt JJ, Cox FR, Shuman LM, Welch RM (ed) Micronutrients in agriculture, 2nd edn. SSSA, Madison, pp 31–35
Weller DM, Raaijmakers JM, Gardener BBM, Thomashow LS (2002) Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Ann Rev Phytopath 40:309–348
Wellington EMH, Toth IK (1994) Actinomycetes. In: Weaver RW, Angle JS, Bottomley P, Bezdicek D, Smith S, Tabatabai A, Wollum AG (eds) Methods of soil analysis: Microbiological and biochemical properties. WI: Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 269–290
Wienhold BJ, Halvorson AD (1999) Nitrogen mineralization responses to cropping, tillage, and nitrogen rate in the Northern Great Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63:192–196
Yang X, Wang W, Ye Z, He Z, VC Baligar (2004) Physiological and genetic aspects of crop plant adaptation to elemental stresses in acid soils. In: Wilson Z He MJ, Yang X (eds) The red soils of China: their nature management and utilization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp 171–218
Zagal E, Persson J (1994) Immobilization and remineralization of nitrate during glucose decomposition at 4 rates of nitrogen addition. Soil Biol Biochem 26:1313–1321
Ziadi N, Brassard M, Bélanger G, Claessens A, Tremblay N, Cambouris AN, Nolin MC, Parent LE (2008) Chlorophyll measurements and nitrogen nutrition index for the evaluation of corn nitrogen status. Agron J 100:1264–1273
Ziadi Ν, Bélanger G, Claessens A, Lefebvre L, Cambouris AN, Tremblay N, Nolin MC, Parent LE (2010) Determination of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for spring wheat. Agron J 102:241–250
Ziadi N, Whalen JK, Messiga AJ, Morel C (2013) Assessment and modeling of soil available phosphorus in sustainable cropping systems. Adv Agron 122:85–126
Zibilske LM, Bradford JM, Smart J-R (2002) Conservation tillage induced changes in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in a semi-arid alkaline subtropical soil. Soil Till Res 66:153–163
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Professor A. Gagianas, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and also the editors of the book for their critical review and constructive comments of this book chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dordas, C. (2015). Nutrient Management Perspectives in Conservation Agriculture. In: Farooq, M., Siddique, K. (eds) Conservation Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11620-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11620-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11619-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11620-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)