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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals: The Use of Green Approaches to Clean the Environment

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Phytoremediation

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a hot topic of discussion nowadays, both in the developed as well as developing countries. With the rapid increase of industrialization there is a continual increase of pollution in the environment with organic and inorganic wastes. Among all the pollutions, heavy metal pollution is the major problem and plays a vital role in polluting the environment. Due to relatively high density, these are very toxic even in low concentration levels. Majority of the heavy metal pollution is caused by mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb) etc. These metals cannot be easily degraded or destroyed in the environment but transformed from one oxidation state to another. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technology which can be applied to remediate such sites which are contaminated with heavy metal pollution. From the last two decades, efforts have been made to remediate the polluted soil and water resources. During this period research has also been carried out on the improvement in the metal uptake efficiency of the plants by means of plant–microbe interactions and transgenic technology for the development of highly efficient transgenic plants for the heavy metal removal from the contaminated sites. In the present chapter, various phytoremediation strategies have been discussed to overcome the heavy metal pollution from the environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India

    N. P. Singh Ph.D.

  2. Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India

    Anita Rani Santal Ph.D.

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  1. N. P. Singh Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Anita Rani Santal Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid Ali Ansari

  2. Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Ritu Gill

  4. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Guy R. Lanza

  5. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Lee Newman

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Singh, N.P., Santal, A.R. (2015). Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals: The Use of Green Approaches to Clean the Environment. In: Ansari, A., Gill, S., Gill, R., Lanza, G., Newman, L. (eds) Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10969-5_10

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