Abstract
The shallow-marine Bentheim Sandstone was deposited in one of the NW-SE trending basins north of the London-Brabant and Rhenish massifs during the Valanginian (Early Cretaceous). The Bentheim Sandstone forms an important reservoir rock for petroleum, but has also proven itself as a very durable natural stone quarried since about 1100 AD. This paper focuses on the geology and the petrophysics of the Bentheim Sandstone as a building stone. The Bentheim Sandstone is exposed in outcrops just east of the Dutch-German border, in the vicinity of Bad Bentheim and Gildehaus. Two varieties are distinguished, a pale yellow sandstone characteristic for the Gildehaus area and a darker, ochre and locally even reddish type. The red variety is found in an area around Bad Bentheim. In the red variety different generations of hematite coatings, from the early phase of burial history to later stages in the formation of the Bentheim Sandstone could be recognized in thin sections and on SEM images. Thick iron crusts along fault planes originated from the percolation of iron-rich groundwater in the joints crossing the sandstone beds. The historic use of the Bentheim Sandstone and the weathering aspects of the dimension stone are shortly dealt with.
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Wim Dubelaar, C., Nijland, T.G. (2015). The Bentheim Sandstone: Geology, Petrophysics, Varieties and Its Use as Dimension Stone. In: Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Marunteanu, C., Christaras, B., Yoshinori, I., Margottini, C. (eds) Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_100
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