Skip to main content

Geo-location White Space Spectrum Databases: Review of Models and Design of a Dynamic Spectrum Access Coexistence Planner and Manager

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
White Space Communication

Part of the book series: Signals and Communication Technology ((SCT))

Abstract

Geo-location white space spectrum databases (GL-WSDB) are currently the most preferred technique for enabling spectrum sharing between primary users and secondary users or white space devices (WSDs) in the very-high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. This is true because the technologies for making low-cost WSDs that are capable of autonomous sensing and detection of available white space (WS) spectrum are not yet feasible. The primary roles of such GL-WSDB systems are three-fold: first, to translate the protective WS spectrum usage regulations provided by the national spectrum regulatory authorities. The second role is the allocation of locally available spectrum channels in such a way that any harmful interference to the primary user networks and secondary transceiver stations is kept below acceptable thresholds. The third important role played by the GL-WSDB is to provide technical mechanisms for enabling WSDs to access locally available WS spectrum channels. This chapter reviewed the necessary enabling technical conditions to allow coexistence and compatibility of primary and secondary systems in the VHF and UHF spectrum through a GL-WSDB approach. The practical implementation of real-life GL-WSDB was performed. Results of WS channels available from five cities in South Africa calculated from the implemented GL-WSDB was compared with a commercially variant GL-WSDB and was found to be 68 % similar. Additionally results from the implemented GL-WSDB were compared with the measurements obtained from the field spectrum scanning campaign at a location in Cape Town South Africa and was found to be 64 % similar. The chapter recommended some important enabling TVWS policy for national regulators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cisco, Visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2013–2018, [online], Available http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white_paper_c11-520862.html

  2. ICASA, 790–862 MHz: Consolidated audit report, [online], Available https://www.icasa.org.za/Portals/0/Regulations/Spectrum%20Usage%20and%20Spare%20Frequencies/790MHz-862MHz%20Consolidated%20Spectrum%20Audit%20Report.pdf

  3. FCC, Oet Bulletin No. 69, Longley-rice methodology for evaluating TV coverage and interference, [online] Available http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet69/oet69.pdf

  4. Brown P.G., Tsioumparakis K., Jordan M., Chong A.: UK Planning model for digital terrestrial television coverage, R&D white paper, WHP 048, BBC, September 22, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  5. GE-06: Final acts of the regional radiocommunication conference for planning of the digital terrestrial broadcasting service in parts of regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174–230 and 470–862  MHz, ITU, RRC-06

    Google Scholar 

  6. Final acts of europe VHF/UHF broadcasting conference, Stockholm 1961, ITU (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  7. The chester 1997 multilateral coordination agreement relating to technical criteria, Coordination principles and procedures for the introduction of terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T), CEPT, Chester, July 25, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  8. Salter J.: Digital TV switchover: An aerial test that uses teletext test page, R&D white paper, WHP 160, BBC, January, 2009

    Google Scholar 

  9. Recommendation ITU-R BS.707-4 Transmission of multisound in terrestrial television systems PAL B, D1, G, H and I, and SECAM D, K, K1 and L, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  10. Recommendation ITU-R BT.1895, Protection criteria for terrestrial broadcasting systems (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Recommendation ITU-R BT.2265, Guidelines for the assessment of interference into broadcasting services (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Recommendation ITU-R, Guide to the application of propagation methods of Radiocommunication, pp. 1144–1146. (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Daniel W., Wong H.: Propagation in suburban areas at distances less than ten miles, FCC/OET TM91-1, January 25, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  14. Shumate S.: Longley-Rice and ITU-R P.1546 combined: A new international terrain-specific propagation model, in the proceedings of 72\(^{ND}\) vehicular technology conference, IEEE, pp. 1–5, 6–9 Sept 2010

    Google Scholar 

  15. Recommendation BT.419-3, Directivity and polarization discrimination of antennas in the reception of television broadcasting (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Southern African Digital Broadcasting Association (SADIBA), Antenna impact study-gauteng, [online], Available http://www.sadiba.org/images/PDFfiles/sadiba_update_antenna_study_doc_20120307_final.pdf

  17. The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), ECC report 185, Complimentary report to ECC report 159: further definition of technical and operational requirements for the possible operation of white space devices the band 470–790, [online], Available http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/Pdf/ECCRep185.pdf

  18. Recommendation ITU-R BT.417-5, Minimum field strengths for which protection may be sought in planning an analogue terrestrial television service (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Recommendation BT.2033-0, Planning criteria, including protection ratios, for second generation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems in the VHF/UHF bands (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  20. The european conference of postal and telecommunications administrations (CEPT), ERC report 101: a comparison of the minimum coupling loss method, enhanced minimum coupling loss method and the Monte-Carlo simulation, [online], Available http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/Rep101.pdf

  21. ITU-R, Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30–300 MHz, International telecommunication union, Geneva, Recommendation. pp. 1546–1545, September 2013

    Google Scholar 

  22. European communications commission (ECC), Technical annex: criteria for planning DVB-T, [online], Available http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCRep004_Technical_annex.pdf

  23. Itu-R, SM. 2018, Report on Monte carlo simulation methodology for the use in sharing and compatibility studies between different radio services or systems, [online], Available http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-SM.2028-2001-PDF-E.pdf

  24. Ofcom, UK, TV white spaces: approach to co-existence, Technical report, September 4, 2013, [online], Available http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/white-space-coexistence/annexes/technical-report.pdf

  25. FCC, Third memorandum opinion and order, In the matter of unlicensed operation in the TV broadcast bands, additional spectrum for unlicensed devices below 900 MHz and in the 3 GHz bands, [online], Available http://www.fcc.gov/document/tv-white-spaces-rule-changes

  26. Industry canada, Spectrum management and telecommunications, Database requirements: white space (WS) database specifications, DBS-01, Issue 1, May 2013

    Google Scholar 

  27. Barbiroli M., Carciofi C., Guiducci D., Missiroli M., Petrini V.: White spaces potentially available in Italian scenarios based on the geo-location database approach, New frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks (DySPAN), IEEE, pp. 416–421,16–19 October 2012

    Google Scholar 

  28. The european conference of postal and telecommunications administrations (CEPT), ECC report 186, Technical and operational requirements for the possible operation of white space devices under geo-location approach, [online], Available http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/Pdf/ECCRep186.pdf

  29. The independent communications commission of south africa (ICASA), Draft frequency migration regulation and frequency migration plan, [online], Available https://www.icasa.org.za/Portals/0/Regulations/Regulations/National%20Frequency%20Plan/DraftFrequencyMigrationRegulation_FrequencyMigrationPlan_GG35598.pdf

  30. National space agency (NASA), SRTM3v2, [online], Available ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm/version2/

  31. Tell R.: Reference data for radiofrequency emission hazard analysis, US environmental protection agency, office of radiation programs (Washington D.C. June 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Statistics south africa, population statistics, [online], Available http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/populationstats.asp

  33. Council for scientific and industrial research (CSIR) - Meraka Institute, Geo-location spectrum database, [online], Available http://whitespaces.meraka.csir.co.za/

  34. Spectrum Bridge Inc., Show my white space, [online], Available http://whitespaces-southafrica.spectrumbridge.com/whitespaces/home.aspx

  35. Lysko A., Johnson, D. L.: Report on measurements of spectrum availability performed in cape town area from August 29–31, 2012, CSIR-Meraka Institute, Document referencenumber 221992, November 10, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  36. Carlson J., Ntlatlapa N., King J., Sibanda F.M., Hart A., Geerdts C., Song S.: Studies on the use of television white spaces in south africa: recommendations and learnings from the CAPE town trial, [online], Available http://www.tenet.ac.za/tvws/recommendations-and-learnings-from-the-cape-town-tv-white-spaces-trial

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thankfully acknowledge the CSIR and TUT for their continuous financial and material support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luzango Mfupe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mfupe, L., Mekuria, F., Montsi, L., Mzyece, M. (2015). Geo-location White Space Spectrum Databases: Review of Models and Design of a Dynamic Spectrum Access Coexistence Planner and Manager. In: Mishra, A., Johnson, D. (eds) White Space Communication. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08747-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08747-4_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08746-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08747-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics