Skip to main content

Mauritia flexuosa

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Palms and People in the Amazon

Part of the book series: Geobotany Studies ((GEOBOT))

Abstract

Along with açaí and peach palm, Mauritia flexuosa is one of the most important palms in Amazonia from various perspectives, including its role in aquatic ecosystems and its many cultural uses, especially fruit. Widespread in the Amazon and Orinoco Basins, this majestic palm towers over other palm species and can form dense stands, sometimes stretching for tens of kilometers. The vitamin-rich fruits are consumed locally and are also sent to urban areas. Eventually, the fruit pulp may penetrate international markets as well. In addition to fruit, the palm provides fiber for making hammocks and belts while petiole strips are woven into baskets. The beetle grubs extracted from the fallen trunks are a regional delicacy in both rural and urban areas especially in western Amazonia. The palm is planted in home gardens as well as in fields and is so entwined in the regional cultures that it often features in folklore.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aguiar JPL, Marinho HA, Rebêlo YS, Shrimpton R (1980) Aspectos nutritivos de alguns frutos da Amazônia. Acta Amazon 10(4):755–758

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert B, Milliken W (2009) Uhiri a: a terra-floresta Yanomami. Instituto Sociambental (ISA)/Institut de Recherche pour le Devéloppement, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen PH (1947) Indians of southeastern Colombia. Geogr Rev 37(4):567–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson AB (1978) The use of palms among a tribe of Yanomama Indians. Principes 22:30–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson AB, Gely A, Strudwick J et al (1985) Uma sistema agroflorestal na várzea do estuário amazônico (Ilha das Onças, Município de Barcarena, Estado do Pará). Acta Amazon 15(suppl 1–2):195–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Augustat C (2013) Beyond Brazil. Museum für Völkerkunde, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Balick MJ (1980) Economic botany of the Guahibo, I: Palmae. Econ Bot 33(4):361–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Balick MJ (1988) The use of palms by the Apinayé and Guajajara Indians of Northeastern Brazil. In: Balick MJ (ed) The palm, tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation, Advances in economic botany 6. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, pp 65–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates HW (1863a) The naturalist on the River Amazons, vol 1. John Murray, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodmer RE (1989) Frugivory in Amazonian artiodactyla: evidence for the evolution of the ruminant stomach. J Zool Soc Lond 219:457–467

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodmer RE (1991) Strategies of seed dispersal and seed predation in Amazonian ungulates. Biotropica 23(3):255–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodmer RE, Puertas PE, Garcia JE et al (1999) Game animals, palms, and people of the flooded forests: management considerations for the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru. In: Padoch C, Ayres JM, Pinedo-Vasques M, Henderson A (eds) Várzea: diversity, development, and conservation of Amazonia’s whitewater floodplains, Advances in economic botany 13. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, pp 217–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdy G, DeWalt SJ, Michel LRC et al (2000) Medicinal plants uses of the Tacana, an Amazonian Bolivian ethnic group. J Ethnopharmacol 70:87–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun B, Roe PG, Mekler A (1995) Arts of the Amazon. Thames & Hudson, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown CB (1876) Canoe and camp life in British Guiana. Edward Stanford, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Campos MT, Ehringhaus C (2003) Plant virtues are in the eyes of the beholders: a comparison of known palm uses among indigenous and folk communities of southwestern Amazonia. Econ Bot 57(3):324–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Candre-Kinerai H, Alvaro J (1993) Tabaco frío, coca dulce. Colcultura, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Carda H, Araujo Y, Glew RH, Paoletti MG (2004) Palm worm (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Rhynchophorus palmarum) a traditional food: examples from Alto Orinoco, Venezuela. In: Paoletti MG (ed) Ecological implications of minilivestock: potential of insects, rodents, frogs and snails. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp 353–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrera L (2000) Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) a promising crop of the Peruvian Amazon. Acta Horticult 531:229–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalcante PB, Johnson D (1977) Edible palm fruits of the Brazilian Amazon. Principes 21(3):91–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Chagnon NA (1992) Yanomamö: the last days of Eden. Harcourt Brace & Company, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaumeil J-P (1987) Ñihamwo: los Yagua del nor-oriente peruano. Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicación Práctica, Lima

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernela JM (1988) Righting history in the northwest Amazon: myth, structure, and history in an Arapaço narrative. In: Hill J (ed) Rethinking history and myth. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp 35–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Civrieux M (1980) Watunna: an Orinoco creation cycle. North Point Press, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra CEA, Flowers NN, Salzano FM, Santos RV (2002) The Xavánte in transition: health, ecology, and bioanthropology in central Brazil. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Crocker WH (1990) The Canela (Eastern Timbira), I: an ethnographic introduction. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado C, Couturier G (2003) Relationship between Mauritia flexuosa and Eupalamides cyparissias in the Peruvian Amazon. Palms 47(2):104–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado C, Couturier G, Mejía K (2007) Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae: Calamoideae), an Amazonian palm with cultivation purposes in Peru. Fruits 62:157–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado C, Couturier G, Mathrews P, Mejía K (2008) Producción y commercialización de la larva de Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Dryophtoridae) en la Amazonía peruana. Bol Soc Entomol Aragon 41:407–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Descola P (1994) In the society of nature: a native ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Dole GE (1998) Los Amahuaca. In: Santos F, Barclay F (eds) Guía etnográfica de la Alta Amazonía, volumen III: Cashinahua, Amahuaca, Shipibo-Conibo. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute/Ediciones Abya-Yala, Quito, pp 125–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson CL (2000) An artificial landscape-scale fishery in the Bolivian Amazon. Nature 408:190–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Farabee WC (1918) The central Arawaks, vol 10. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Fock N (1963) Waiwai: religion and society of an Amazonian tribe. National Museum, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Fragoso JMV (1998) Home range and movement patterns of white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) herds in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Biotropica 30(3):458–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Fragoso JMV (1999) Perception of scale and resource partitioning by peccaries: behavioral causes and ecological implications. J Mammal 80(3):993–1003

    Google Scholar 

  • Galeano JC (2005) Cuentos Amazónicos. Literalia Editores, Zapopan

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertsch J, Stauffer FW, Narváez A, Sticher O (2002) Use and significance of palms (Arecaceae) among the Yanomamï in southern Venezuela. J Ethnobiol 22(2):219–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacone A (1949) Os Tucanos e outros tribus do Rio Uaupés, afluente do Negro-Amazonas: notas etnográficas e folclóricos de um missionário Salesiano. Imprensa Oficial do Estado, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert B (1995) Economic plants of the Amazon: their industrial development in defense of the forest. In: Seidl PR, Gottlieb OR, Kaplan MAC (eds) Chemistry of the Amazon: biodiversity, natural products, and environmental issues. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 19–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore MP, Eshbaugh WH, Greenberg AM (2002) The use, construction, and importance of canoes among the Maijuna of the Peruvian Amazon. Econ Bot 56(1):10–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore MP, Endress BA, Horn CM (2013) The socio-cultural importance of Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps (aguajales) and implications for multi-use management in two Maijuna communities of the Peruvian Amazon. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 9:29–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomes DMC (2008) O uso social da cerâmica de Parauá, Santarém, Baixo Amazonas: uma análise funcional. Arqueología Suramericana 4(1):4–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulding M, Smith NJH (2007) Palms: sentinels for Amazon conservation. Amazon Conservation Association (ACA)/Missouri Botanical Garden, Lima

    Google Scholar 

  • Govoni G, Fielding D, Paoletti MG (2004) Rodent farming in the Amazon: experience with Amerindians in Venezuela. In: Paoletti MG (ed) Ecological implications of minilivestock: potential of insects, rodents, frogs and snails. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp 47–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Gragson TL (1995) Pumé exploitation of Mauritia flexuosa (Palmae) in the llanos of Venezuela. J Ethnobiol 15(2):177–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruber JG (1997) Ticuna: o livro das árvores. OGPTB (Organização Geral dos Professores Ticuna Bilíngües), Benjamin Constant, Amazonas

    Google Scholar 

  • Hada AR (2010) O buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) na terra indígena Araçá, Roraima: usos tradicionais, manejo e potencial produtivo. Doctoral dissertation, INPA, Manaus

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardenburg WE (1913) The Putumayo, the devil’s paradise; travels in the Peruvian Amazon region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein. T. Fisher Unwin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman G (1967) Masken südamerikanischer naturvölker. Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckenberger MJ (2005) The ecology of power: culture, place, and personhood in the southern Amazon, A.D. 1000–2000. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinen HD, Ruddle K (1974) Ecology, ritual, and economic organization in the distribution of palm starch among the Warao of the Orinoco Delta. J Anthropol Res 30(2):116–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson A, Beck HT, Scariot A (1991) Flora de palmeiras da Ilha do Marajó, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Botanica 7(2):199–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiraoka M (1999) Miriti (Mauritia flexuosa) palms and their uses and management among the ribeirinhos of the Amazon estuary. In: Padoch C, Ayres JM, Vasques M, Henderson A (eds) Várzea: diversity, development, and conservation of Amazonia’s whitewater floodplains, Advances in economic botany 13. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, pp 169–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugh-Jones S (1979) The palm and the pleiades: initiation and cosmology in northwest Amazonia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Humboldt A, Bonpland A (1818) Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent during the years 1799–1804, vol 4. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiltie RA (1981a) Distribution of palm fruits on a rain forest floor: why white-lipped peccaries forage near objects. Biotropica 13(2):141–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Cointe P (1922a) L’Amazonie Brésilienne: le pays–ses habitants, ses resources, notes et statistiques jusqu’en 1920, vol 1. Augustin Challamel, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss C (1952) The use of wild plants in tropical South America. Econ Bot 6(3):252–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss C (1994) Saudades do Brasil. Companhia das Letras, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima D (2006) Vamos cuidar da nossa terra. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Parodi J, Freitas D (1990) Geographical aspects of forested wetlands in the lower Ucayali, Peruvian Amazonia. For Ecol Manage 33:157–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukesch A (1976b) Mito e vida dos índios Caiapós. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Lustosa AA (1976) No estuário Amazônico: “à margem da visita pastoral”. Conselho Estadual de Cultura do Pará, Belém

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzi M, Coomes OT (2009) Managing Amazonian palms for community use: a case of aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) in Peru. For Ecol Manage 257:510–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcoy P (1873) A journey across South America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, vol 3. Blackie and Son, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mariath JGR, Lima CC, Santos LMP (1989) Vitamin A activity of buriti (Mauritia vinifera Mart) and its effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of xerophthalmia. Am J Clin Nutr 49(5):849–853

    Google Scholar 

  • Martins RC, Filgueiras TS, Albuquerque UP (2012) Ethnobotany of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in a maroon community in central Brazil. Econ Bot 66(1):91–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Maybury-Lewis D (1967) Akwê-Shavante society. Clarendon, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Mee M (1988) In search of flowers of the Amazon forests. Nonesuch Expeditions, Woodbridge, Suffolk

    Google Scholar 

  • Melatti JC (1976) Corrida de toras. Atualidade Indígena 1(1):38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesa LI, Galeano G (2013) Uso y manejo de las palmas (Arecaceae) por los Piapoco del norte de la Amazonia Colombiana. Acta Bot Venez 36(1):15–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller RP (1994) Estudo da fruticultura tradicional dos índios Waimiri-Atroari: base para a extensão agroflorestal. In: Montoya LJ, Meldrado M (eds) Anais do I Congresso Brasileiro sobre sistemas agroflorestais, Porto Velho, 3–7 Julho 1994, vol 2. EMBRAPA (Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Florestas/Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Rondônia), Colombo, pp 449–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Milliken W, Miller RP, Pollard SR, Wandelli EV (1992) The ethnobotany of the Waimiri Atroari Indians of Brazil. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

    Google Scholar 

  • Moi FP (2007) Xerente: Um enfoque etnoarqueológico. Annablume Editora, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Morcote-Ríos G (2012) Las terras pretas del igarapé Takana: un sistema de cultivo precolombiano en Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, IDEAS 22, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Moskovits D (1998) Population and ecology of the tortoises Geochelone carbonaria and G. denticulata on the Ilha de Maracá. In: Milliken W, Ratter J (eds) Maracá: the biodiversity and environment of an Amazonian rainforest. Wiley, Chichester, pp 263–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Nascimento ART, Santos AA, Martins RC, Dias TAB (2009) Comunidade de palmeiras no território indígena Krahò, Tocantins, Brasil: biodiversidade e aspectos etnotânicos. Interciencia 34(3):182–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimuendajú C (1924) Os índios Parintintin do Rio Madeira. Journal de La Société des Americanistes (Paris, N.S.) 16:201–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimuendajú C (1939) The Apinayé. Catholic University of America Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimuendajú C (1983) Os Apinayé. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberg K (1953) Indian tribes of northern Mato Grosso, Brazil, Smithsonian Institution, Institute of Social Anthropology, Publication 15. National Government Publication, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira AE (1970) Os índios Jurúna do Alto Xingu. Dédalo 6(11–12):7–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Onore G (2004) Edible insects in Ecuador. In: Paoletti MG (ed) Ecological implications of minilivestock: potential of insects, rodents, frogs and snails. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp 343–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Padoch C (1988) Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) in the economy of Iquitos, Peru. In: The palm-tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation, Advances in economic botany 6. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, pp 214–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Padoch C, Inuma JC, Jong W, Unruh J (1985) Amazonian agroforestry: a market-oriented system in Peru. Agrofor Syst 3:47–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Pechnik E, Mattoso IV, Chaves JM, Borges P (1947) Possibilidade de aplicação do buriti e tucumã na indústria alimentar. Arquivos Brasileiros de Nutrição 4(1):33–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Penn JW (2008) Non-timber forest products in Peruvian Amazon: changing patterns of economic exploitation. Focus Geogr 51(2):18–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Emán JL, Paolillo A (1997) Diet of the pelomedusid turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus in the Venezuelan Amazon. J Herpetol 31(2):173–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinagé P, Mehinaku K, d’Alessio V (2000) Mehinaku: message from Amazon. Dialeto Latin American Documentary, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin M, Balick MJ (1984) Medicinal uses of South American palms. J Ethnopharmacol 10:157–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Politis G (2007) Nukak: ethnoarchaeology of an Amazonian people. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek

    Google Scholar 

  • Prance GT (1988) Indigenous non-timber benefits from tropical rain forest. In: Goldsmith FB (ed) Tropical rain forest: a wider perspective. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 21–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Preuss KD (1994) Religíon y mitología de los Uitotos, vol 2. Editorial Universidad Nacional, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichel-Dolmatoff G (1971) Amazonian cosmos: the sexual and religious symbolism of the Tukano Indians. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe PG (1982) The cosmic zygote: cosmology in the Amazon Basin. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanoff S, Jiménez DM, Uaquí FS, Fleck DW (2004) Matsesën nampid chuibanaid: la vida tradicional de los Matsés. Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicación Práctica (CAAAP), Lima

    Google Scholar 

  • Rondon CMS (1916) Missão Rondon: apontamentos sobre os trabalhos realizados pela commissão de linhas telegraphicas estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas. Typ. do Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Rondón JA (2003) Vocablos Piaroa de algunas artesenías de origen forestal del Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Rev For Lat 34:71–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruddle K, Johnson D, Townsend PK, Rees JD (1978) Palm sago: a tropical starch from marginal lands. East–west Center, Honolulu

    Google Scholar 

  • Rull V (1992) Successional patterns of the Gran Sabana (southeastern Venezuela) vegetation during the last 5000 years, and its responses to climatic fluctuations and fire. J Biogeogr 19(3):329–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Rull V (1999) A palynological record of a secondary succession after fire in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. J Quat Sci 14(2):137–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampaio MB, Schmidt IB, Figueiredo IB (2008) Harvesting effects and population ecology of the buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Arecaceae) in the Jalapao region, central Brazil. Econ Bot 62(2):171–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos LMP (2005) Nutritional and ecological aspects of buriti or aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus Filius): a carotene-rich palm fruit from Latin America. Ecol Food Nutr 44:345–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaan D (2010) Long-term human induced impacts on Marajó Island landscapes, Amazon estuary. Diversity 2:182–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Schomburgk RH (1840a) Journey from Esmeralda, on the Orinoco, to San Carlos and Moura on the Rio Negro, and thence by Fort San Joaquim to Demerara, in the spring of 1839. J R Geogr Soc Lond 10:248–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Schomburgk RH (1840b) Journey from Fort San Joaquim, on the Rio Branco, to Roraima, and thence by the rivers Parima and Merewari to Esmeralda, on the Orinoco, in 1838–9. J R Geogr Soc Lond 10:191–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultes RE (1974) Palms and religion in the northwest Amazon. Principes 18:3–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith HH (1879) Brazil, the Amazons and the coast. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith NJH (1996) The enchanted Amazon rain forest: stories from a vanishing world. University Press of Florida, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith NJH (2002) Amazon sweet sea: land, life, and water at the river’s mouth. University of Texas Press, Austin

    Google Scholar 

  • Spruce R (1871) Palmae Amazonicae, sive Enumeratio Palmarum in itinere suo per regiones Americae Equitoriales lectarum. J Linn Soc Lond Bot 11:65–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Spruce R (1908) Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and Andes, vol 1. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Stang C (2009) A walk to the river in Amazonia: ordinary reality for the Mehinaku Indians. Berghahn Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Steege H et al (2013) Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Science 342:325. doi:10.1126/science.1243092

    Google Scholar 

  • Stergios B (1993) La etnobotanica del arbol ‘chiga’ (Campsiandra, Leguminosae, Caesalpiniaceae) en la región llanera de la cuenca del medio Rio Orinoco en el suroeste de Venezuela. Biollania 9:71–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward JH, Métraux A (1948) In: Steward JH (ed) Handbook of South American Indians, vol 3. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, pp 727–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Stradelli E (1889) Dal Cucuhy a Manàos. Bolletino della Societa Geografica Italiana 26:6–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessmann G (1999) Los indígenas del Perú nororiental: investigaciones fundamentales para un estudio sistemático de la cultura. Ediciones Abya Yala, Quito

    Google Scholar 

  • Valle PD (2010) Proteções das malocas (casa cerimoniais). In: Cabalzar A (ed) Manejo do mundo: conhecimentos e práticas dos povos indígenas do Rio Negro. Instituto Sociambental (ISA)/Federação das Organizações Indígenas do Rio Negro (FOIRN), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, pp 20–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Vásquez J, Delgado C, Couturier G et al (2008) Pest insects of the palm tree Mauritia flexuosa L.f., dwarf form, in Peruvian Amazonia. Fruits 63(4):227–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Veléz GA, Veléz AJ (1999) Sistema agroflorestal de las chagras indígenas del medio Caquetá, vol 17. Tropenbos, Estudios en la Amazonia Colombiana, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Verswijver G (1995) Kaiapo: material culture-spiritual world. Museum für Völkerkunde, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Verswijver G (1996) Mekranoti: living among the painted people of the Amazon. Prestel, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickers WT (1994) The health significance of wild plants for the Siona and Secoya. In: Etkin NL (ed) Eating on the wild side: the pharmalogic, ecologic, and social implications of using noncultures. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 143–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Villas Boas O, Villas Boas C (1975) Xingu: the Indians, their myths. Souvenir Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagley C (1977) Welcome of tears: the Tapirapé Indians of central Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace AR (1853) Palm trees of the Amazon and their uses. John Van Voorst, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Walschburger T, Hildebrand P (1988) Observaciones sobre la utilización estacional del bosque humedo tropical por los indígenas del Río Mirití (Amazonas, Colombia). Colombia Amazónica 3(1):51–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch JR (2014) Xavante ritual hunting: anthropogenic fire, reciprocity, and collective landscape management. Hum Ecol 42:47–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilbert J (1976) Manicaria saccifera and its cultural significance among the Warao Indians of Venezuela. Bot Mus Leafl Harv Univ 24(10):275–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Works MA (1990) Continuity and conversion of house gardens in western Amazonia. Yearbook Assoc Pac Coast Geogr 52:31–64

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, N. (2015). Mauritia flexuosa . In: Palms and People in the Amazon. Geobotany Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05509-1_47

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics