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TRPs as Chemosensors (ROS, RNS, RCS, Gasotransmitters)

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Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 223))

Abstract

The transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily encodes TRP proteins that act as multimodal sensor cation channels for a wide variety of stimuli from outside and inside the cell. Upon chemical or physical stimulation of cells, TRP channels transduce electrical and/or Ca2+ signals via their cation channel activities. These functional features of TRP channels allow the body to react and adapt to different forms of environmental changes. Indeed, members of one class of TRP channels have emerged as sensors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), and gaseous messenger molecules including molecular oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an ROS, triggers the production of ADP-ribose, which binds and activates TRPM2. In addition to TRPM2, TRPC5, TRPV1, and TRPA1 are also activated by H2O2 via modification of cysteine (Cys) free sulfhydryl groups. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gaseous molecule, regulates TRP channels directly via Cys S-nitrosylation or indirectly via cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation. Anoxia induced by O2-glucose deprivation and severe hypoxia activates TRPM7 and TRPC6, respectively, whereas TRPA1 serves as a sensor of mild hypoxia and hyperoxia in vagal and sensory neurons. TRPA1 also detects other gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of TRP channels as chemosensors for ROS, RNS, RCS, and gaseous molecules and discuss their functional impacts on physiological and pathological events.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan

    Shunichi Shimizu

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Nobuaki Takahashi & Yasuo Mori

  3. Advanced Biomedical Engineering Research Unit, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Nobuaki Takahashi

  4. CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku, Japan

    Yasuo Mori

  5. Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan

    Yasuo Mori

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  1. Shunichi Shimizu
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  2. Nobuaki Takahashi
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  3. Yasuo Mori
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Correspondence to Yasuo Mori .

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  1. Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven Department, Cell Mol Medicin, Leuven, Belgium

    Bernd Nilius

  2. Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Institut für Experimentelle u. Klinische, Homburg, Germany

    Veit Flockerzi

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Shimizu, S., Takahashi, N., Mori, Y. (2014). TRPs as Chemosensors (ROS, RNS, RCS, Gasotransmitters). In: Nilius, B., Flockerzi, V. (eds) Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 223. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_3

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