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Participation of the Fas/FasL Signaling Pathway and the Lung Microenvironment in the Development of Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases

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Current Advances in Osteosarcoma

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 804))

Abstract

The lungs are the most common site for the metastatic spread of osteosarcoma. Success in using chemotherapy to improve overall survival has reached a plateau. Understanding the biologic properties that permit osteosarcoma cells to grow in the lungs may allow the identification of novel therapeutic approaches—the goal being to alter the tumor cells’ expression of cell surface proteins so that there is no longer compatibility with the metastatic niche. We have demonstrated that the Fas Ligand positive (FasL+) lung microenvironment eliminates Fas+ osteosarcoma cells that metastasize to the lungs. Indeed, osteosarcoma lung metastases from patients are Fas−, similar to what we found in several different mouse models. The Fas+ cells are cleared from the lungs through apoptosis induced by the Fas signaling pathway following interaction of Fas on the tumor cell surface with the lung FasL. Blocking the Fas signaling pathway interferes with this process, allowing the Fas+ cells to grow in the lungs. Our investigations show that Fas expression in osteosarcoma cells is regulated epigenetically by the micro-RNA miR-20a, encoded by the miR-17-92 cluster. Our studies support the feasibility of finding agents that can re-induce Fas expression as a novel therapeutic approach to treat osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases. We have identified two such agents, the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat and the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GCB). Aerosol GCB and oral entinostat induce the upregulation of Fas and the regression of established osteosarcoma lung metastases. Aerosol GCB was not effective in the FasL-deficient gld mouse confirming that the lung microenvironment was central to the success of this therapy. Our studies establish the critical role of the lung microenvironment in the metastatic process of osteosarcoma to the lungs and suggest an alternative focus for therapy, that is, incorporating the lung microenvironment as part of the treatment strategy against established osteosarcoma disease in the lungs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Children’s Cancer Hospital, 1515 Holcombe – MOD1.002, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Gangxiong Huang M.D. & Yuanzheng Yang Ph.D.

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8582, Japan

    Kazumasa Nishimoto M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Mary V. and John A. Reilly Distinguished Chair, University of Texas M.D. Anderson, Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Japan

    Eugenie S. Kleinerman M.D.

Authors
  1. Gangxiong Huang M.D.
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  2. Kazumasa Nishimoto M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Yuanzheng Yang Ph.D.
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  4. Eugenie S. Kleinerman M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eugenie S. Kleinerman M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Mary V. and John A. Reilly Distinguished Chair, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Eugenie S. Kleinerman, M.D.

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Huang, G., Nishimoto, K., Yang, Y., Kleinerman, E.S. (2014). Participation of the Fas/FasL Signaling Pathway and the Lung Microenvironment in the Development of Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases. In: Kleinerman, M.D., E. (eds) Current Advances in Osteosarcoma. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 804. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_11

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