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Soybean Seed Isoflavonoids: Biosynthesis and Regulation

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Phytochemicals – Biosynthesis, Function and Application

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 44))

Abstract

Isoflavonoids are plant natural products, almost exclusive to legumes, synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. They are actors in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and involved in plant pathogen and stress response. Isoflavonoids are noted for their wide range of human health benefits. Isoflavonoids, as phytoestrogens, can bind to estrogen receptors and modulate their activity in animals including humans. Soybean seeds contain three isoflavone aglycones that are glycosylated and/or malonylated and stored in vacuoles. The biosynthetic pathway starts with the recruitment of phenylalanine and enters its first committed branch step with the conversion of flavanone to isoflavone. Soybean seeds accumulate large amounts of isoflavonoids as a result of de novo synthesis and transport. The isoflavonoid content and composition in the seed are complex polygenic traits that are highly variable. Environmental factors, including drought, light conditions, fertilization, temperature and CO2 levels, and genetic factors, such as specific pathway gene members, transcription factors coordinating expression and conjugating enzymes, have all been shown to have an effect on isoflavonoid content. Understanding the genetic and molecular basis for isoflavonoid biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanisms will allow manipulation of content in soybean seeds and metabolic engineering of isoflavonoids in nonleguminous plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, London, ON, Canada

    Mehran Dastmalchi & Sangeeta Dhaubhadel

  2. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, N5V 4T3, London, ON, Canada

    Sangeeta Dhaubhadel

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  1. Mehran Dastmalchi
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Correspondence to Sangeeta Dhaubhadel .

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  1. Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Reinhard Jetter

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Dastmalchi, M., Dhaubhadel, S. (2014). Soybean Seed Isoflavonoids: Biosynthesis and Regulation. In: Jetter, R. (eds) Phytochemicals – Biosynthesis, Function and Application. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04045-5_1

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