Skip to main content

Cognitive Transactions – A Communication Model

  • Conference paper
Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2013)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 8116))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Whenever a person gets lost and there is no way to access stored spatial information, e.g. in the form of maps, they need to rely on the knowledge of other humans instead. This situation can be modelled as a communication setting where a person lacking spatial knowledge requests information from a knowledgeable source. The result are cognitive transactions in which information over various levels of detail (LoD) is negotiated. The overall goal is to agree on a shared spatial representation with equal semantics, i.e., common ground. We present a communication model that accounts for establishing common ground between two agents. The agents use a modified ”wayfinding choreme” language and special signals to negotiate the LoD. Findings of a case study were used to verify and refine our work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abdalla, A., Frank, A.U.: Combining trip and task planning: How to get from A to passport. In: Xiao, N., Kwan, M.-P., Goodchild, M.F., Shekhar, S. (eds.) GIScience 2012. LNCS, vol. 7478, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdalla, A., Weiser, P., Frank, A.U.: Design Principles for Spatio-Temporally Enabled PIM Tools: A Qualitative Analysis of Trip Planning. In: Vandenbroucke, D., Bucher, B., Crompvoets, J. (eds.) AGILE 2013. LNGC, pp. 323–336. Springer (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Allen, G.: From knowledge to words to wayfinding: Issues in the production and comprehension of route directions. In: Hirtle, S.C., Frank, A.U. (eds.) COSIT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1329, pp. 363–372. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Clark, H.H.: Using Language. Cambridge University Press (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Denis, M.: The description of routes: A cognitive approach to the production of spatial discourse. Current Psychology of Cognition 16(4), 409–458 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Denis, M., Pazzaglia, F., Cornoldi, C., Bertolo, L.: Spatial discourse and navigation: An analysis of route directions in the city of Venice. Applied Cognitive Psychology (13), 145–174 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Egenhofer, M.J., Mark, D.M.: Naive geography. In: Kuhn, W., Frank, A.U. (eds.) COSIT 1995. LNCS, vol. 988, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Evans, V., Green, M.: Cognitive Linguistics - An Introduction. Edinburgh University Press (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fauconnier, G.: Mappings in Thought and Language. Cambridge University Press (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Frank, A.U.: Pragmatic Information Content: How to measure the information in a route description. In: Perspectives on Geographic Information Science, pp. 47–68. Taylor & Francis (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fussell, S.R., Krauss, R.M.: Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of speakers’ assumptions about what others know. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62(3), 378–391 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Galton, A., Mizoguchi, R.: The water falls but the waterfall does not fall: New perspectives on objects, processes and events. Applied Ontology 4(2), 71–107 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grice, P.: Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hirtle, S.C., Timpf, S., Tenbrink, T.: The effect of activity on relevance and granularity for navigation. In: Egenhofer, M., Giudice, N., Moratz, R., Worboys, M. (eds.) COSIT 2011. LNCS, vol. 6899, pp. 73–89. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Hirtle, S.C., Richter, K.-F., Srinivas, S., Firth, R.: This is the tricky part: When directions become difficult. Journal of Spatial Information Science 1, 53–73 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hoelscher, C., Tenbrink, T., Wiener, J.M.: Would you follow your own route description? Cognitive strategies in urban route planning. Cognition 121(2), 228–247 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hutchins, E.: Cognition in the Wild. The MIT Press (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Klippel, A.: Wayfinding choremes: Conceptualizing wayfinding and route direction elements. PhD Thesis, SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Klippel, A., Tappe, H., Kulik, L., Lee, P.: Wayfinding Choremes - A language for modeling conceptual route knowledge. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 16(4), 311–329 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Klippel, A., Hansen, S., Richter, K.-F., Winter, S.: Urban granularities. A data structure for cognitively ergonomic route directions. Geo Informatica 13, 223–247 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lakoff, G.: Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. University of Chicago Press (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lakoff, G., Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Levinson, S.: Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity. Cambridge University Press (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lynch, K.: The Image of the City. The MIT Press (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  25. McNamara, T.P., Hardy, J.K., Hirtle, S.C.: Subjective Hierarchies in Spatial Memory. Journal of Environmental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15(2), 211–227 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Montello, D.R.: The Cambridge Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking. Cambridge University Press (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Montello, D.R., Sutton, P.C.: An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography. Sage Publications (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Norman, D.A.: The Design of Everyday Things. Doubleday Books (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Psathas, G.: Direction-Giving in Interaction. Reseaux (8), 183–198 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Raubal, M.: Cognitive engineering for geographic information science. Geography Compass 3(3), 1087–1104 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Richter, K.-F., Tomko, M., Winter, S.: A dialog-driven process of generating route directions. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (32), 233–245 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schank, R.C., Abelson, R.P.: Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schwering, A., Li, R., Anacta, J.A.: Orientation Information in Different Forms of Route Instructions. In: Short Paper Proceedings of the 16th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, Leuven, Belgium (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sperber, D., Wilson, D.: Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Basil Blackwell Oxford (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tenbrink, T., Winter, S.: Variable Granularity in Route Directions. Spatial Cognition and Computation 9, 64–93 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Timpf, S., Volta, G.S., Pollock, D.W., Egenhofer, M.J.: A conceptual model of wayfinding using multiple levels of abstraction. In: Frank, A.U., Formentini, U., Campari, I. (eds.) GIS 1992. LNCS, vol. 639, pp. 348–367. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  37. Tomko, M., Winter, S.: Pragmatic construction of destination descriptions for urban environments. Spatial Cognition and Computation 9(1), 1–29 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tversky, B.: Cognitive Maps, Cognitive Collages, and Spatial Mental Models. In: Best, E. (ed.) CONCUR 1993. LNCS, vol. 715, Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Weiser, P., Frank, A.U.: Process Composition And Process Reasoning Over Multiple Levels Of Detail. In: Online Proceedings of the 7th International Conference GISience, Columbus, Ohio (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Weiser, P., Frank, A.U.: Modeling discrete processes over multiple levels of detail using partial function application. In: Proceedings of GI Zeitgeist, Muenster, Germany (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wunderlich, D., Reinelt, R.: How to get there from here. In: Jarvella, R.J., Klein, W. (eds.) Speech, Place, and Action. John Wiley & Sons (1982)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Weiser, P., Frank, A.U. (2013). Cognitive Transactions – A Communication Model. In: Tenbrink, T., Stell, J., Galton, A., Wood, Z. (eds) Spatial Information Theory. COSIT 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8116. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01790-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01789-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01790-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics