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Complement-activating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs

  • Chapter
Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

The complement system consists of over 20 serum proteins including nine com-plement components (C1 to C9) and their regulators, and is normally present in blood serum in an inactive form. The system is essential for the operation of the innate as well as the adaptive immune defence [1]. The complement proteins can be activated through three cascade pathways: by the classical pathway, by the alternative pathway and by the antibody-independent lectin pathway (Fig. 1). The activation of the classical pathway is initiated by immune complexes containing IgM and IgG antibodies, Cl binds to the Fc region of antibodies through subcomponent Cl q, then the complex activates the further complement system by the cascade mechanism. The alternative pathway is directly activated from C3 by microorganisms, protozoa, or some activators such as lipopolysaccharide through an antibody independent mechanism. Recently, an antibody-independent mannanbinding lectin (MBL) pathway has also been established as the third activation pathway of complement systems [2,3]. This pathway is initiated by the binding of serum MBL (carbohydrate binding component in complement-dependent antibacterial factor, RaRF [4]), which is structurally related to Cl q, to the surface carbohydrates and activated through two MBL-associated serine proteases. The MBL pathway is activated by specific carbohydrate structures of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, parasitic protozoa and viruses, and exhibits antibacterial activity through killing mediated by the terminal, lytic complement components or by promoting phagocytosis [3].

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  1. The Kitasato Institute, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan

    Haruki Yamada & Hiroaki Kiyohara

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  1. Haruki Yamada
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  1. Institut für pharmazeutische Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Karlstrasse 29, D-80333, München, Germany

    H. Wagner

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Yamada, H., Kiyohara, H. (1999). Complement-activating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs. In: Wagner, H. (eds) Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8763-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8763-2_7

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