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The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke

  • Chapter
Inflammation and Stroke

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is to preserve the neuronal microenvironment, which is essential for the normal function of the brain. As a functional entity, BBB includes several cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Microvascular endothelial cells coupled by tight junctions and featuring only a very few endocytotic vesicles are responsible for the permeability properties of the BBB [1]. Although in discontinuous contact with endothelial cells through their end feet, astrocytes seem also to actively participate in BBB phenotype [2]. Similarly, pericytes have been shown to change endothelial behavior [3–5>]. Finally, the endothelial basal lamina represents the non-cellular component of BBB. Produced by endothelial cells, the basal lamina is a specialized ECM composed of type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin and various proteoglycans [6]. The ECM components are connected to endothelial cells via integrins and may regulate distinct biological events such as cellular differentiation, survival, morphology, adhesion and gene expression [7–10]. When BBB integrity is lost, inflammatory cells and fluid penetrate the brain, causing vasogenic edema and cell death [11, 12]. BBB permeability properties are challenged in various brain pathologies including ischemic stroke and several mechanisms of BBB disruption have been considered, involving bradykinin [13] other proinflammatory mediators [14] and oxygen free radicals [15, 16>].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosurgical Laboratories, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA

    Yvan Gasche, Yvan Gasche, Jean-Christophe Copin & Pak H. Chan

  2. Divisions of Surgical and Medical Critical Care, Departments of Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland

    Jean-Christophe Copin

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  1. Yvan Gasche
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  2. Jean-Christophe Copin
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  3. Pak H. Chan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Experimental Station, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Route 141 & Henry Clay Road, Wilmington, DE, 19880, USA

    Giora Z. Feuerstein

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© 2001 Springer Basel AG

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Gasche, Y., Copin, JC., Chan, P.H. (2001). The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke. In: Feuerstein, G.Z. (eds) Inflammation and Stroke. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8297-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8297-2_20

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9508-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8297-2

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