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Types of Microorganisms for Biodegradation

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Handbook of Biodegradable Materials

Abstract

Human activities are the leading contributors to global contamination. Approximately two billion tons of waste are produced each year. Waste accumulation represents an environmental challenge causing a serious problem in modern societies since it affects all life forms. Biodegradation is an effective and eco-friendly technique for waste recycling. Certain types of microorganisms play a key role in the ecosystem through waste transformation and the complete removal of contaminants. Enzymatic activities expressed by microorganisms play an important role in the biodegradation process by breaking down the waste material into safe environmental compounds. However, numerous factors can influence microbial biodegradation. This chapter will introduce different types of microbial biodegradation, their mechanisms in the degradation of different environmental pollutants, and the factors that may affect them.

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Abbreviations

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric matrix

HDPE:

High-density polyethylene

Lac:

Laccase

LDPE:

Low-density polyethylene

LiP:

Lignin peroxidase

MnP:

Manganese peroxidase

OPs:

Organophosphorus compounds

PAHs:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PAHs:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PE:

Polyethylene

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

PHB:

Polyhydroxy butyrate

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PP:

Polypropylene

PS:

Polystyrene

PU:

Polyurethane

PUR:

Polyurethane

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVADH:

Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

SH:

Serine hydrolase

TPS:

Thermoplastic starch

VP:

Versatile peroxidase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

    Shaimaa A. Khalid & Walaa M. Elsherif

Authors
  1. Shaimaa A. Khalid
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  2. Walaa M. Elsherif
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Correspondence to Shaimaa A. Khalid .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

  2. Vice President of Advanced Material Research,, Stanley Black & Decker, Inc, Connecticut, USA

    Abdel Salam H. Makhlouf

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Khalid, S.A., Elsherif, W.M. (2023). Types of Microorganisms for Biodegradation. In: Ali, G.A.M., Makhlouf, A.S.H. (eds) Handbook of Biodegradable Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09710-2_2

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