Skip to main content

A Deep Learning Solution for Integrated Traffic Control Through Automatic License Plate Recognition

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021 (ICCSA 2021)

Abstract

Nowadays, Smart Cities applications are becoming steadily popular, thanks to their main objective of improving people daily habits. The services provided by the aforementioned applications may be either addressed to the entire digital population or narrowed towards a specific kind of audience, like drivers and pedestrians. In this sense, the proposed paper describes a Deep Learning solution designed to manage traffic control tasks in Smart Cities. It involves a network of smart lampposts, in charge of directly monitoring the traffic by means of a bullet camera, and equipped with an advanced System-on-Module where the data are efficiently processed. In particular, our solution provides both: i) a risk estimation module, and ii) a license plate recognition module. The first module analyses the scene by means of a Faster R-CNN, trained over an ad-hoc set of synthetically videos, to estimate the risk of potential traffic anomalies. Concurrently, the license plate recognition module, by leveraging on YOLO and Tesseract, is active for retrieving the plate number of the vehicles involved. Preliminary experimental findings, from a prototype of the solution applied in a real-world scenario, are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://github.com/OlafenwaMoses/ImageAI/releases/tag/essential-v4.

  2. 2.

    https://github.com/tesseract-ocr.

  3. 3.

    http://platesmania.com/.

References

  1. Ahad, M.A., Paiva, S., Tripathi, G., Feroz, N.: Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities. Sustain. Cities Soc. 61, 102301 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Heety, A.T., et al.: Moving vehicle detection from video sequences for traffic surveillance system. ITEGAM-JETIA 7(27), 41–48 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Turjman, F., Lemayian, J.P.: Intelligence, security, and vehicular sensor networks in internet of things (IoT)-enabled smart-cities: an overview. Comput. Electr. Eng. 87, 106776 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Albatish, I.M., Abu-Naser, S.S.: Modeling and controlling smart traffic light system using a rule based system. In: 2019 International Conference on Promising Electronic Technologies (ICPET), pp. 55–60 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPET.2019.00018

  5. Appathurai, A., Sundarasekar, R., Raja, C., Alex, E.J., Palagan, C.A., Nithya, A.: An efficient optimal neural network-based moving vehicle detection in traffic video surveillance system. Circ. Syst. Signal Process. 39(2), 734–756 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Atzori, A., Barra, S., Carta, S., Fenu, G., Podda, A.S.: Heimdall: an AI-based infrastructure for traffic monitoring and anomalies detection. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops), pp. 154–159. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Barra, S., Bisogni, C., De Marsico, M., Ricciardi, S.: Visual question answering: which investigated applications? arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02937 (2021)

  8. Barra, S., Carta, S.M., Giuliani, A., Pisu, A., Podda, A.S., et al.: FootApp: an AI-powered system for football match annotation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02938 (2021)

  9. Barra, S., De Marsico, M., Cantoni, V., Riccio, D.: Using mutual information for multi-anchor tracking of human beings. In: Cantoni, V., Dimov, D., Tistarelli, M. (eds.) Biometric Authentication, pp. 28–39. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13386-7_3

  10. Bock, F., Di Martino, S., Origlia, A.: Smart parking: using a crowd of taxis to sense on-street parking space availability. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 21(2), 496–508 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2899149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bock, F., Di Martino, S.: On-street parking availaibilty data in San Francisco, from stationary sensors and high-mileage probe vehicles. Data Brief 25, 104039 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Braun, T., Fung, B.C., Iqbal, F., Shah, B.: Security and privacy challenges in smart cities. Sustain. Cities Soc. 39, 499–507 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Carta, S., Podda, A.S., Recupero, D.R., Saia, R.: A local feature engineering strategy to improve network anomaly detection. Future Internet 12(10), 177 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chakraborty, M., Pramanick, A., Dhavale, S.V.: MobiSamadhaan—intelligent vision-based smart city solution. In: Gupta, D., Khanna, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Hassanien, A.E., Anand, S., Jaiswal, A. (eds.) International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications. AISC, vol. 1165, pp. 329–345. Springer, Singapore (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Cho, Y., Jeong, H., Choi, A., Sung, M.: Design of a connected security lighting system for pedestrian safety in smart cities. Sustainability 11(5) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051308, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/5/1308

  16. Choi, S., Kim, J.T., Choo, J.: Cars can’t fly up in the sky: improving urban-scene segmentation via height-driven attention networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2020

    Google Scholar 

  17. Combs, T.S., Sandt, L.S., Clamann, M.P., McDonald, N.C.: Automated vehicles and pedestrian safety: Exploring the promise and limits of pedestrian detection. Am. J. Prev. Med. 56(1), 1–7 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Deng, J., Li, L., Zhang, B., Wang, S., Zha, Z., Huang, Q.: Syntax-guided hierarchical attention network for video captioning. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. Video Technol. (2021, in press)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dhingra, S., Madda, R.B., Patan, R., Jiao, P., Barri, K., Alavi, A.H.: Internet of things-based fog and cloud computing technology for smart traffic monitoring. Internet Things, p. 100175 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100175, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660519302100

  20. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2016

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sri Jamiya, S., Esther Rani, P.: An efficient method for moving vehicle detection in real-time video surveillance. In: Suresh, P., Saravanakumar, U., Hussein Al Salameh, M.S. (eds.) Advances in Smart System Technologies. AISC, vol. 1163, pp. 577–585. Springer, Singapore (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5029-4_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Khan, L.U., Yaqoob, I., Tran, N.H., Kazmi, S.M.A., Dang, T.N., Hong, C.S.: Edge-computing-enabled smart cities: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(10), 10200–10232 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2987070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Khan, M.A., et al.: Human action recognition using fusion of multiview and deep features: an application to video surveillance. Multimedia Tools Appl. 1–27 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Malik, K.: Fast vehicle detection with probabilistic feature grouping and its application to vehicle tracking. In: Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 1, pp. 524–531 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238392

  25. Li, W., Guo, H., Nejad, M., Shen, C.C.: Privacy-preserving traffic management: a blockchain and zero-knowledge proof inspired approach. IEEE Access 8, 181733–181743 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Li, Y., et al.: Multi-granularity tracking with modularlized components for unsupervised vehicles anomaly detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, June 2020

    Google Scholar 

  27. Longo, R., Podda, A.S., Saia, R.: Analysis of a consensus protocol for extending consistent subchains on the bitcoin blockchain. Computation 8(3), 67 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Makhmutova, A., Anikin, I., Minnikhanov, R., Bolshakov, T., Dagaeva, M.: Detection of traffic anomalies for a safety system of smart city. In: Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT-2020), pp. 638–645 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Michalopoulos, P.G.: Vehicle detection video through image processing: the autoscope system. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 40(1), 21–29 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1109/25.69968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Neves, J.C., Moreno, J.C., Barra, S., Proença, H.: Acquiring high-resolution face images in outdoor environments: a master-slave calibration algorithm. In: 2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), pp. 1–8 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2015.7358744

  31. Nguyen, K.T., Dinh, D.T., Do, M.N., Tran, M.T.: Anomaly detection in traffic surveillance videos with GAN-based future frame prediction. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, pp. 457–463 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Otsu, N.: A threshold selection method from Gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 9(1), 62–66 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Pagliara, F., Mauriello, F., Di Martino, S.: An analysis of the link between high speed transport and tourists’ behaviour. Tourism Int. Interdisc. J. 67(2), 116–125 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pang, G., Shen, C., Cao, L., Hengel, A.V.D.: Deep learning for anomaly detection: a review. ACM Comput. Surveys (CSUR) 54(2), 1–38 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Piccinelli, L.: Raddrizzare il contenuto di un’immagine, November 2016. https://luca-picci.medium.com/raddrizzare-il-contenuto-di-unimmagine-37f9bbc16207

  36. Redmon, J., Divvala, S., Girshick, R., Farhadi, A.: You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2016

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sreenu, G., Durai, M.S.: Intelligent video surveillance: a review through deep learning techniques for crowd analysis. J. Big Data 6(1), 1–27 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Suzuki, L.R.: Smart cities IoT: enablers and technology road map. In: Rassia, S.T., Pardalos, P.M. (eds.) Smart City Networks. SOIA, vol. 125, pp. 167–190. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61313-0_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang, Y.T., Chou, L.D., Tseng, C.W., Tseng, F.H., Liu, C.C.: Blockchain-based traffic event validation and trust verification for VANETs. IEEE Access 7, 30868–30877 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Fu, Z., Hu, W., Tan, T.: Similarity based vehicle trajectory clustering and anomaly detection. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005, vol. 2, pp. II-602 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2005.1530127

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessandro Sebastian Podda .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Balia, R., Barra, S., Carta, S., Fenu, G., Podda, A.S., Sansoni, N. (2021). A Deep Learning Solution for Integrated Traffic Control Through Automatic License Plate Recognition. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021. ICCSA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12951. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86970-0_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86970-0_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86969-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86970-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics